Table 1. Characteristics of Patients at Index Hospitalization.
| Characteristic | All Patients (N = 6804)a | P Value | Propensity-Matched Patients | P Value | Standard Difference (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-PACT (n = 4689) | PACT (n = 2115) | Non-PACT (n = 997) | PACT (n = 997) | ||||
| Age | |||||||
| Mean (SD), y | 64.01 (10.34) | 64.48 (10.62) | .08 | 64.41 (10.63) | 64.14 (10.36) | .57 | 2.53 |
| ≥65 y, No. (%) | 2283 (48.7) | 1098 (51.9) | .01 | 509 (51.1) | 499 (50.1) | .65 | NA |
| Female, No. (%) | 1189 (25.4) | 511 (24.2) | .29 | 225 (22.6) | 243 (24.4) | .34 | −4.26 |
| Weight, mean (SD), kg | 65.89 (11.53) | 66.37 (11.78) | .12 | 66.37 (12.51) | 65.95 (12.01) | .45 | 3.41 |
| Heart rate, mean (SD), bpm | 73.53 (10.84) | 74.05 (12.40) | .10 | 73.56 (11.05) | 74.01 (11.41) | .38 | −3.93 |
| Blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hg | |||||||
| Systolic | 134.01 (19.01) | 135.09 (20.33) | .04 | 134.82 (19.46) | 134.58 (19.80) | .78 | 1.23 |
| Diastolic | 77.21 (11.37) | 78.02 (11.94) | .01 | 77.65 (11.60) | 77.42 (11.48) | .66 | 1.99 |
| Disease type, No. (%) | |||||||
| NSTEMI | 2647 (56.5) | 1254 (59.3) | .03 | 577 (57.9) | 577 (57.9) | >.99 | 0 |
| Unstable angina | 2042 (43.5) | 861 (40.7) | NA | 420 (42.1) | 420 (42.1) | NA | NA |
| Heart failure, No. (%) | 439 (9.4) | 403 (19.1) | <.001 | 131 (13.1) | 140 (14.0) | .56 | −2.63 |
| LVEF, mean (SD), % | 62.34 (10.41) | 60.36 (9.62) | <.001 | 61.58 (10.46) | 60.75 (10.66) | .12 | NA |
| eGFR | |||||||
| Mean (SD), mL/min/1.73 m2 | 81.67 (24.70) | 83.40 (25.91) | .01 | 80.87 (24.07) | 81.49 (25.55) | .58 | −2.49 |
| ≤60 mL/min/1.73 m2, No. (%) | 811 (17.3) | 366 (17.3) | .99 | 164 (16.4) | 175 (17.6) | .51 | NA |
| Serum creatinine level, mean (SD), μmol/dL | 1.05 (0.68) | 1.03 (0.60) | .17 | 1.06 (0.70) | 1.08 (0.78) | .71 | NA |
| Hematocrit, mean (SD) | 0.40 (0.11) | 0.40 (0.19) | .25 | 0.41 (0.22) | 0.40 (0.15) | .24 | −2.95 |
| Anemia, No. (%) | 1474 (31.4) | 678 (32.1) | .61 | 314 (31.5) | 325 (32.6) | .60 | NA |
| Medical history and risk factors, No. (%) | |||||||
| Current smoker | 1207 (25.7) | 690 (32.6) | <.001 | 308 (30.9) | 303 (30.4) | .81 | 1.09 |
| Cardiac arrest | 7 (0.1) | 5 (0.2) | .43 | 2 (0.2) | 2 (0.2) | >.99 | 0 |
| Myocardial infarction | 661 (14.1) | 394 (18.6) | <.001 | 170 (17.1) | 175 (17.6) | .77 | −1.33 |
| Percutaneous coronary intervention | 902 (19.2) | 338 (16.0) | .001 | 172 (17.3) | 162 (16.2) | .55 | 2.69 |
| Coronary artery bypass surgery | 61 (1.3) | 16 (0.8) | .049 | 10 (1.0) | 11 (1.1) | .83 | −0.98 |
| Stroke | 301 (6.4) | 167 (7.9) | .03 | 70 (7.0) | 64 (6.4) | .59 | 2.40 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 121 (2.6) | 108 (5.1) | <.001 | 40 (4.0) | 31 (3.1) | .28 | 4.87 |
| Hypertension | 3092 (65.9) | 1457 (68.9) | .02 | 687 (68.9) | 665 (66.7) | .29 | 4.72 |
| Diabetes | 1434 (30.6) | 678 (32.1) | .22 | 323 (32.4) | 311 (31.2) | .56 | 2.58 |
| In-hospital medication, No. (%) | |||||||
| Clopidogrel or ticagrelor loading dose | 2948 (62.9) | 1494 (70.6) | <.001 | 686 (68.8) | 668 (67.0) | .39 | 3.87 |
| Dual antiplatelet therapy | 4514 (96.3) | 2076 (98.2) | <.001 | 970 (97.3) | 968 (97.1) | .79 | 1.21 |
| Clopidogrel | 4514 (100) | 2068 (99.6) | NA | 970 (97.3) | 967 (97.0) | NA | NA |
| Ticagrelorb | 0 | 8 (0.4) | NA | 0 | 1 (0.1) | NA | NA |
| Type of parenteral anticoagulant, No. (%) | |||||||
| Low-molecular-weight heparin | NA | 1673 (79.1) | NA | NA | 744 (74.6) | NA | NA |
| Fondaparinux | NA | 345 (16.3) | NA | NA | 237 (23.8) | NA | NA |
| Low-molecular-weight heparin and fondaparinux | NA | 97 (4.6) | NA | NA | 16 (1.6) | NA | NA |
| Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor | 428 (9.1) | 273 (12.9) | <.001 | 83 (8.3) | 80 (8.0) | .81 | 1.10 |
| Warfarin sodium | 22 (0.5) | 17 (0.8) | .09 | 11 (1.1) | 6 (0.6) | .22 | 5.46 |
| Statin | 4588 (97.8) | 2086 (98.6) | .03 | 980 (98.3) | 980 (98.3) | >.99 | 0 |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB | 3594 (76.6) | 1719 (81.3) | <.001 | 802 (80.4) | 802 (80.4) | >.99 | 0 |
| Calcium-channel blocker | 1071 (22.8) | 573 (27.1) | <.001 | 248 (24.9) | 243 (24.4) | .80 | 1.16 |
| β-Blocker | 3886 (82.9) | 1787 (84.5) | .10 | 836 (83.9) | 835 (83.8) | .95 | 0.27 |
| Procedure characteristic, No. (%) | |||||||
| Radial access | 4172 (89.0) | 1710 (80.9) | <.001 | 880 (88.3) | 880 (88.3) | >.99 | 0 |
| Coronary anatomy | |||||||
| Any left main disease | 570 (12.2) | 246 (11.6) | <.001 | 132 (13.2) | 123 (12.3) | .83 | 2.70 |
| Multivessel disease | 2898 (61.8) | 1445 (68.3) | 634 (63.6) | 640 (64.2) | −1.25 | ||
| Other | 1221 (26.0) | 424 (20.0) | 231 (23.2) | 234 (23.5) | −0.71 | ||
| Treated vessel | |||||||
| Any left main disease | 378 (8.1) | 177 (8.4) | .91 | 102 (10.2) | 92 (9.2) | .42 | 3.38 |
| Multivessel disease | 1547 (33.0) | 694 (32.8) | 322 (32.3) | 348 (34.9) | −5.52 | ||
| Other | 2764 (58.9) | 1244 (58.8) | 573 (57.5) | 557 (55.9) | 3.24 | ||
| Stent type, No. (%) | |||||||
| Drug eluting stent | 4681 (99.8) | 2091 (98.9) | <.001 | 994 (99.7) | 996 (99.9) | .32 | −4.48 |
| First generation | 2447 (52.2) | 1128 (53.3) | 503 (50.5) | 546 (54.8) | NA | ||
| Second generation | 2234 (47.6) | 963 (45.5) | 491 (49.2) | 449 (45.0) | NA | ||
| Bare metal stent, No. (%) | 3 (0.1) | 1 (0.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| PTCA or aspiration only, No. (%) | 5 (0.1) | 23 (1.1) | 3 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) | 4.48 | ||
| Stents, No. (IQR) | 2 (1-3) | 2 (1-3) | .33 | 2 (1-3) | 2 (1-3) | .51 | −3.24 |
| Total length of stents, median (IQR), mm | 41 (24-66) | 44 (25-69) | .03 | 42 (24-71) | 43 (28-71) | .73 | −2.23 |
| Thrombus aspiration, No. (%) | 47 (1.0) | 24 (1.1) | .62 | 13 (1.3) | 10 (1.0) | .53 | 2.82 |
| Time to procedure | |||||||
| Median (IQR), d | 1 (1-3) | 3 (2-5) | <.001 | 2 (1-4) | 2 (1-4) | .35 | NA |
| <24 h, No. (%) | 2511 (53.6) | 440 (20.8) | <.001 | 330 (33.1) | 322 (32.3) | .85 | 1.71 |
| 24-72 h, No. (%) | 1417 (30.2) | 720 (34.0) | 353 (35.4) | 365 (36.6) | −2.51 | ||
| >72 h, No. (%) | 761 (16.2) | 955 (45.2) | 314 (31.5) | 310 (31.1) | 0.87 | ||
Abbreviations: ACE, angiostensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IQR, interquartile range; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NA, not applicable; NSTEMI, non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; PACT, parenteral anticoagulation therapy; PTCA, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.
a
Data were missing for the following categories: current smoker (n = 22), LVEF (n = 1210), hematocrit (n = 138), weight (n = 177), and eGFR (n = 79).
b
Ticagrelor was available in only 1 of the 5 centers until late 2014.