Table 3. Trends in Type of Psychotropic Medication Use Classes and Psychotherapy Use by Adultsa.
| Variable | Specific Mental Health Service Use, % | Period Association, OR (95% CI)b | P Value for Interactionc | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2004-2005 | 2009-2010 | 2014-2015 | |||
| Any Psychotropic Medication Use | 16.96 | 18.64 | 20.75 | 1.26 (1.18-1.35) | NA |
| Adults with serious psychological distress | 50.16 | 55.35 | 63.57 | 1.76 (1.46-2.11) | <.001 |
| Adults with less serious or no psychological distress | 15.22 | 16.64 | 18.91 | 1.27 (1.19-1.37) | |
| Antidepressants | 11.81 | 12.45 | 13.73 | 1.18 (1.09-1.28) | NA |
| Adults with serious psychological distress | 38.38 | 42.86 | 47.11 | 1.45 (1.21-1.75) | .06 |
| Adults with less serious or no psychological distress | 10.45 | 10.86 | 12.36 | 1.19 (1.10-1.30) | |
| Anxiolytics/Sedatives | 6.10 | 7.13 | 7.68 | 1.24 (1.15-1.34) | NA |
| Adults with serious psychological distress | 23.09 | 27.06 | 33.51 | 1.70 (1.37-2.12) | .01 |
| Adults with less serious or no psychological distress | 5.17 | 6.02 | 6.61 | 1.25 (1.14-1.36) | |
| Antipsychotics | 1.30 | 1.72 | 1.68 | 1.28 (1.09-1.50) | NA |
| Adults with serious psychological distress | 7.99 | 10.91 | 11.74 | 1.55 (1.20-2.01) | .30 |
| Adults less serious or no psychological distress | 0.95 | 1.23 | 1.25 | 1.29 (1.07-1.56) | |
| Mood Stabilizers | 2.61 | 3.42 | 4.81 | 1.86 (1.66-2.09) | NA |
| Adults with serious psychological distress | 11.94 | 15.19 | 21.49 | 2.05 (1.61-2.61) | .73 |
| Adults with less serious or no psychological distress | 2.13 | 2.76 | 4.09 | 1.94 (1.71-2.20) | |
| Stimulants | 1.55 | 1.87 | 2.29 | 1.48 (1.25-1.76) | NA |
| Adults with serious psychological distress | 4.40 | 5.80 | 7.66 | 1.82 (1.28-2.58) | .31 |
| Adults with less serious or no psychological distress | 1.41 | 1.66 | 2.06 | 1.47 (1.22-1.78) | |
| Any Psychotherapy Use | 4.62 | 4.56 | 4.87 | 1.08 (0.97-1.21) | NA |
| Adults with serious psychological distress | 20.00 | 21.43 | 24.37 | 1.33 (1.09-1.63) | .09 |
| Adults with less serious or no psychological distress | 3.87 | 3.67 | 4.11 | 1.09 (0.96-1.24) | |
Abbreviations: NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio.
a
Data are from the Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys and are presented as percentages with any type of psychotropic medication use class. Serious psychological distress is based on a Kessler 6 scale score of 13 or higher.
b
Period associations represent the age- and sex-adjusted OR of the specific mental health service use in 2014-2015 vs 2004-2005 (reference).
c
P values for interaction test whether changes in any psychotropic medication use, antidepressants, anxiolytics/sedatives, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, stimulants, and any psychotherapy use differed over time across psychological distress severity strata.