Table. Characteristics of 11 093 US Children, County Fluoridation Coverage, and Dental Caries Experience for Primary and Permanent Dentitions, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to 2004 and 2011 to 2014a.
| Characteristic | Unweighted No. (Weighted %) | Age 2-10 y (n = 5835) | Age 6-17 y (n = 8384) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predominantly Fluoridated, % (SE)b | dfs, Mean (SE) | Predominantly Fluoridated, % (SE)b | DMFS, Mean (SE) | ||
| Total | 11 093 (100.0) | 47.7 (4.8) | 3.9 (0.3) | 47.0 (4.5) | 2.0 (0.1) |
| Income to poverty ratio, FPL, % | |||||
| <50c | 1598 (9.4) | 56.9 (5.6) | 5.1 (0.5) | 56.3 (6.0) | 2.5 (0.2) |
| 50 to <100 | 2269 (15.4) | 46.4 (5.5) | 5.8 (0.6) | 47.1 (5.1) | 2.6 (0.3) |
| 100 to <200 | 3001 (24.8) | 41.3 (5.1) | 4.5 (0.3) | 42.8 (5.1) | 2.3 (0.1) |
| 200 to <300 | 1512 (16.2) | 42.5 (5.2) | 3.1 (0.4) | 39.8 (4.4) | 1.9 (0.2) |
| 300 to <400 | 989 (11.4) | 51.2 (6.0) | 3.0 (0.4) | 52.4 (6.0) | 1.6 (0.2) |
| ≥400 | 1724 (22.8) | 54.6 (6.3) | 1.9 (0.2) | 50.3 (5.5) | 1.6 (0.2) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 5630 (50.9) | 46.2 (4.8) | 4.3 (0.2) | 47.0 (4.4) | 1.9 (0.1) |
| Female | 5463 (49.1) | 49.2 (4.8) | 3.4 (0.3) | 47.0 (4.6) | 2.2 (0.1) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Non-Hispanic black | 3400 (14.4) | 73.8 (4.9) | 3.4 (0.3) | 72.0 (5.1) | 2.2 (0.2) |
| Hispanic | 3724 (19.4) | 56.2 (6.0) | 5.2 (0.4) | 54.0 (5.8) | 2.3 (0.1) |
| Other | 933 (7.0) | 48.7 (6.5) | 4.5 (0.6) | 51.5 (6.3) | 2.3 (0.3) |
| Non-Hispanic white | 3036 (59.2) | 37.9 (5.5) | 3.4 (0.3) | 38.3 (5.0) | 1.9 (0.1) |
Abbreviations: dfs, decayed and filled primary tooth surfaces; DMFS, decayed, missing, and filled permanent tooth surfaces; FPL, federal poverty level.
a
Analysis excluded participants with missing covariate data (n = 1555) as well as those who had lived in the United States for less than 1 y (n = 146) and those in counties in which community water systems became fluoridated during the observation period of 1999 and thereafter (n = 4095).
b
A total of 75% or more of a county population served by fluoridated community drinking water.
c
Federal poverty threshold.