Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by BMI for patients treated with PD-1 blockade
| N = 139 | Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| BMI < 25 kg/m2 N = 38a(%) | Overweight and Class I Obesity (BMI 25- < 35 kg/m2) N = 86 (%) | Class II/III Obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2) N = 15 (%) | |
| Demographics | |||
| Age | 64.6 (15.2) | 61.2 (13.8) | 57.3 (13.7) |
| Male gender | 19 (50) | 57 (66.3) | 3 (20) |
| White race | 37 (97.4) | 85 (98.8) | 14 (93.3) |
| Cutaneous Melanoma | 31 (81.6) | 78 (90.7) | 12 (80) |
| BRAF V600 mutation | 11 (28.9) | 22 (25.6) | 2 (13.3) |
| NRAS mutation | 4 (10.5) | 6 (7) | 4 (26.7) |
| Disease severity | |||
| Stage at baseline | IV M1c: 24 (63.2) | IV M1c: 49 (57) | IV M1c: 7 (46.7) |
| Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) | < 70: 2 (5.3) > = 70: 36 (94.7) |
< 70: 2 (2.4) > = 70: 83 (97.6) N = 85/86 |
< 70: 0 (0) > = 70: 15 (100) |
| LDH in U/L (Median and IQR; N = 131) | 211.5 (158–336) N = 34/38 |
176.5 (137–230) (N = 82/86) |
187 (158–264) |
| Lifestyle habits | |||
| Ever smokers | Former: 16 (42.1) Current: 3 (7.9) |
Former: 34 (39.5) Current: 8 (9.3) |
Former: 7 (46.7) Current: 0 (0) |
| Current drinkers | 24 (63.2) | 54 (62.8) | 6 (40) |
| Prior treatments | |||
| Immunotherapy | 9 (23.7) | 33 (38.4) | 8 (53.3) |
| Chemotherapy | 1 (2.6) | 12 (14) | 2 (13.3) |
| Radiation | 10 (26.3) | 22 (25.6) | 6 (40) |
| Targeted therapy | 5 (13.2) | 5 (5.8) | 0 (0) |
| Co-morbidities | |||
| Charlson’s Comorbidity Index (Mean and SD) | 8.6 (1.7) | 8.4 (2.1) | 8.1 (1.7) |
| Diabetes | 3 (7.9) | 11 (12.8) | 4 (26.7) |
| Hypertension | 14 (36.8) | 51 (59.3) | 9 (60) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 11 (28.9) | 27 (31.4) | 8 (53.3) |
| Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) | 3 (7.9) | 7 (8.1) | 1 (6.7) |
| Cardiovascular disease (CAD/CHF/MI/AF)c | 6 (15.8) | 11 (12.8) | 4 (26.7) |
| Autoimmune/Immune mediated disorders | 7 (18.4) | 9 (10.5) | 1 (6.7) |
| Co-medications for co-morbidities | |||
| Anti-platelet agents (Aspirin/Clopidogrel) | 10 (26.3) | 22 (25.6) | 4 (26.7) |
| Anti-hypertensive medications (any) | 10 (26.3) | 49 (57) | 9 (60) |
| ACE or ARB inhibitors | 7 (18.4) | 28 (32.6) | 4 (2.7) |
| Metformin | 3 (7.9) | 6 (7) | 3 (20) |
| Statins | 11 (2.9) | 20 (23.3) | 4 (26.7) |
| Oral Steroids | 1 (2.6) | 10 (11.6) | 1 (6.7) |
| Clinical chemistry and Vitals | |||
| Albumin in g/dL (Mean and SD) | 3.8 (0.59) | 4.1 (0.41) | 4 (0.45) |
| ANC K/uL (Mean and SD) | 5.5 (3.3) | 4.8 (1.6) | 5.5 (2.7) |
| ALC K/uL (Mean and SD) | 1.3 (0.6) | 1.6 (1.4) | 1.8 (1.1) |
| Hemoglobin g/dL (Mean and SD) | 12.4 (2) | 13.1 (1.6) | 12.2 (1.5) |
| Serum Creatinine mg/dL (Mean and SD) | 0.81 (0.21) | 0.95 (0.38) | 0.88 (0.36) |
| eGFRb (ml/min/1.73m2) | > = 60: 36; < 60: 2 | > = 60: 77; < 60: 9 | > = 60: 13; < 60: 2 |
| eGFR by CKD-EPI equation in ml/min/1.73m2 (Median and IQR) | 88.51 (71.09–98.91) | 85.87 (74.83–94.73) | 91.03 (70.99–100.6) |
| Fasting Glucose in mg/dL (Median and IQR) | 106 (100–122) | 101 (93–119) | 102 (98–114) |
| BMI at baseline (kg/m2) | 22.6 (2.3) | 29.1 (2.7) | 40.1 (4.4) |
| Alkaline Phosphatase in U/L (Median and IQR) | 74 (63–100) | 74 (62–90) | 69 (60–129) |
| ALT in U/L (Median and IQR) | 15 (11–27) | 17 (12–21) | 18 (14–27) |
| AST in U/L (Median and IQR) | 19 (15–29) | 18 (13–23) | 21 (13–27) |
| Systolic blood pressure in mm Hg (Mean/SD) | 124.7 (19.9) | 133.8 (18.2) | 135.3 (14.4) |
| Diastolic blood pressure in mm Hg (Mean/SD) | 74.4 (11.9) | 78.3 (13.2) | 75 (10.6) |
| Disease related weight loss | |||
| BMI measured up to 6 months before baseline (Mean and SD) | 23 (2.6) (N = 35/38) | 29.3 (2.7) (N = 81/86) | 40.4 (4.8) |
| Treatment | |||
| Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy type | Mono: 19 (50) Combination:19 (50) |
Mono: 49 (57) Combination: 37 (43) |
Mono: 11 (73.3) Combination: 4 (26.7) |
aIncludes three patients with BMI < 18.5 for descriptive purposes. Analyses by Cox-PH/logistic regression was performed by excluding underweight patients (n = 3) but were included for RSF analysis where BMI was included as a continuous variable
beGFR Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (Cockcroft-Gault)
cCAD Coronary Artery Disease, CHF Congestive Heart Failure, MI Myocardial Infarction and AF Atrial Fibrillation
IQR Inter Quartile Range