Figure 2.

Tryptamine induces the WARS gene-dose dependent effects. DNA—DNA dot-blot analysis of human HeLa and hamster 631 control (C) and tryptamine-treated (T) cells using WARS gene probes. [³⁵S]IP—immunoprecipitation of [³⁵S]methionine labeled HeLa cells with polyclonal antibodies to TrpRS. Immunoblot—immunoblotting of human neuroblastic cells SH-SY5Y with anti-TrpRS monoclonal antibodies 6C10; A—total extract, B—detergent-soluble fraction. HeLa cells—a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect of tryptamine. Note, similar images published as parts by the author in different context. This figure includes the images obtained and redesigned here by the author as the own data revisiting and revision.^7,12 To support the newly presented concept based on the recent works, the author combined these data together. Specifically, the author presents here for the very first time the interpretation of the DNA dot-blot results as the evidence of WARS gene-dose dependent cytotoxicity. This new conclusion is of considerable interest for understanding a mechanism of neurodegeneration induced by tryptophan metabolites, the TrpRS inhibitors. The tryptamine-treated HeLa T-1 possess WARS gene variant encoding TrpRS with a longer half-life compared with TrpRS from original HeLa cells; T-1 has a slower growth rate compared with HeLa.⁷ The tryptamine-treated sublines HeLa T-2 and 631 (T1, T2, and T3) possess WARS gene at a lower dose compared with original cell lines.