Table 4.

Narrative summary of papers not included in the meta-analysis

Study	Sample	Study design	BMI categories	Outcomes	Odd ratios (95% CI)
					Underweight	Overweight	Obese
Lei et al. [56]	5535	Prospective cohort study	APS	PTB	1.00(0.77, 1.30)	1.54(1.14, 2.08)	1.42(1.02, 1.97)
				SGA	1.62(1.13, 2.34)	0.71(0.38, 1.34)	0.69(0.34, 1.37)
				LGA	0.65(0.52, 0.82)	1.32(1.02, 1.71)	2.35(1.81, 3.04)
				Neonatal asphyxia	1.60(0.80, 3.19)	0.99(0.34, 2.85)	2.38(1.06, 5.30)
Du et al. [57]	3772	Retrospective cohort study	WGOC	Macrosomia	0.38(0.21, 0.68)	2.90(1.99, 4.23)	6.3(3.42, 11.47)
				SGA	1.86(1.39, 2.50)	0.43(0.25, 0.74)	0.54(0.21, 1.40)
				LGA	0.41(0.27, 0.63)	2.23(1.66, 2.99)	3.99(2.41, 6.60)
Pan et al. [58]	536,098	Prospective cohort study	WGOC	PTB	1.16 (1.08, 1.25)	1.01(0.92, 1.10)	1.18 (0.99, 1.4)
				LBW	1.57 (1.4, 1.77)	1.22 (1.05, 1.42)	1.60 (1.2, 2.12)
Li et al. [59]	48,867	Retrospective cohort study	WHO	SGA	1.66 (1.44, 1.91)	0.73 (0.59, 0.91)	1.09 (0.67, 1.77)
				LGA	0.54 (0.47, 0.62)	2.55 (2.32, 2.80)	3.95 (3.20, 4.87)
Bao et al. [60]	13,711	Retrospective cohort study	WHO	Macrosomia	–	2.17 (1.60, 2.94)	5.81 (4.26, 7.92)
Huang et al. [61]	3081	Prospective cohort study	WGOC	SGA	1.67 (1.25, 2.23)	0.91 (0.56, 1.47)
				LGA	0.61 (0.44, 0.83)	1.50 (1.11, 2.04)
Jiang et al. [62]	2241	Retrospective cohort study	WGOC	PTB	–	1.18 (0.41, 2.12)	2.35 (0.89, 3.98)
				SGA	–	0.76 (0.45, 0.99)	1.02 (0.67, 1.76)
				LGA	–	1.56 (1.01, 2.31)	1.71 (1.07, 3.20)
				Fetal distress	–	0.67 (0.34, 1.39)	0.31 (0.08, 1.35)

BMI body mass index, WHO World Health Organization, APS Asia-Pacific standard, WGOC Working Group on Obesity in China, LGA large for gestational age, SGA small for gestational age, LBW low birth weight, PTB premature birth