Table 1.

Stem cells used for in wound therapeutic

Stem cells types	Delivery mode	Wound types	Correction efficiency	Model source use	Treatment effect notes	Reference
BM-SCs	Scratch wound assay	Wound closure	3 days	Human	Stimulate fibroblasts, migration of keratinocyte and synthesis ECM proteins	[238]
BM-SCs	Tail vein injection post-operatively	Ischemia flap	7 days	Murine	Enhance angiogenesis and vascular regeneration	[141]
autologous MSC	Fibrin spray system	Cutaneous wound	12 weeks	Murine and human	Stimulate closure of full-thickness wounds in diabetic mice and wound healing repair	[239]
Combination hMSC with bFGF		Cutaneous wound	42 days	Rat	Increase re-epithelialization	[240]
Co-culture dermal fibroblasts with BM-SCs	Scratch wound assay	Wound closure	3 days	Murine	Increase proliferation and migration of dermal fibroblasts	[241]
MSCs	Subjection	Incision wound	4 days	Mice	Enhance tissue regeneration capacity especially in older populations	[242]
Autologous bone marrow	Aspiration	Chronic Wound	5 weeks	Human	Rebuilding of dermal	[138]
MSCs	Closed culture devices	Radiation burns	5 months	Human	Modulation radiation inflammatory process	[243]
Autologous MSCs	Injection	Diabetic ulcer	4 weeks	Human	Successful healing	[244]
Allogeneic BM-SCs	Intradermal	Excisional wound	14 days	Murine	Accelerate wound closure, increase re-epithelialization and angiogenesis	[245]
BM-SCs	Aspiration	Non-healing wound	5 days	Human	Increase synthesis of collagen	[246]
MSCs	Injection	Cutaneous wound	2 weeks	Human	Promote angiogenesis	[247]
MSCs	Mechanical loading	Incision wound		Mouse	Enhancement of angiogenesis	[248]
hUC-MSCs)	Transplantation	Burn	8 weeks	Rat	Decrease inflammatory cells, increase neovascularization and enhance collagen level	[249]
ASCs	Transplantation	Non-irradiated and irradiated	14 days	Mouse	Promote dermal wound healing, enhance wound closure and collagen secretion	[250]
hESCs	Grafting	Burn	Enhanced wound healing	Human-mice	hESC-derived epidermis showed a pluristratified structure, consistent with that of mature native human skin	[251]
ESCs	Directly on a gauze	Chronic Wounds	Accelerated wound healing	Diabetic mice	The beneficial effects were evident both histopathologically and immunohistochemically	[252]
Mouse-iPSCs	Grafting	Inherited skin disorders	Enhanced wound healing	Mouse	iPSC-KC stem cells were able to regenerate the epidermis, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands in an in vivo graft assay	[253]
hiPSC-MSCs-Exos	Injected locally	Injured tissues	Facilitated cutaneous wound healing	Human-rat	Accelerated re-epithelialization, reduced scar widths, the promotion of collagen maturity, promoted the generation of newly formed vessels, accelerated their maturation in wound sites	[254]
hiPSC	Grafting	Skin disease	Reconstitution of normal skin structures	Human-SCID mice	Skin appendages, such as hair follicles and glands, were not detected, and no cyst or tumor formation	[255]
hiPSCs	Grafting	Inherited skin disorder	Reconstitute human skin	EB patient-SCID mice	The reconstituted skin expressed human Col17 at the basement membrane zone, human type VII collagen and human keratin 14 were expressed in the basal layer	[256]