Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of the E3N Study Population (April 2004).
| Characteristic | No. (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (N = 74 247) | Migraine | |||
| No History (n = 49 199) | Prior (n = 17 209) | Active (n = 7839) | ||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 61.4 (6) | 61.8 (7) | 60.9 (6) | 59.9 (6) |
| Diabetes at the end of follow-up | 2372 (3.2) | 1569 (3.2) | 601 (3.5) | 202 (2.6) |
| Medications ever reimbursed between January and April 2004a | ||||
| Antimigraine preparations | 1264 (2) | 107 (0) | 209 (1) | 948 (12) |
| NSAIDs and antirheumatic products | 1537 (2.1) | 866 (1.8) | 396 (2.3) | 275 (3.5) |
| Other analgesics and antipyretics | 107 (0.1) | 23 (0.0) | 30 (0.2) | 54 (0.7) |
| Antiepileptics | 43 (0.1) | 16 (0.0) | 10 (0.1) | 17 (0.2) |
| Antivertigo preparations | 242 (0.3) | 86 (0.2) | 70 (0.4) | 86 (1.1) |
| β-Blocking agents | 1030 (1.4) | 418 (0.8) | 296 (1.7) | 316 (4.0) |
| Family history of diabetes | 8695 (11.7) | 5598 (11.4) | 2133 (12.4) | 964 (12.3) |
| Hypertension | 34 748 (46.8) | 22 114 (44.9) | 8921 (51.8) | 3713 (47.3) |
| Ever use of oral contraceptives | 45 254 (60.9) | 29 142 (59.2) | 10 945 (63.6) | 5167 (65.9) |
| Postmenopause | 72 465 (97.5) | 48 085 (97.7) | 16 823 (97.7) | 7557 (96.4) |
| Ever use of menopausal hormone therapy | 49 297 (66.3) | 31 983 (65.0) | 11 868 (68.9) | 5446 (69.4) |
| Recreational physical activity MET, mean (SD), h/wk | 24.6 (21) | 25.1 (21) | 24.1 (21) | 23.2 (20) |
| BMI | ||||
| <20 | 8994 (12.1) | 5907 (12.0) | 1995 (11.6) | 1092 (13.9) |
| 20-25 | 43 369 (58.4) | 28 824 (58.6) | 9890 (57.5) | 4655 (59.4) |
| 25-30 | 17 524 (23.6) | 11 621 (23.6) | 4218 (24.5) | 1685 (21.5) |
| ≥30 | 4360 (5.8) | 2847 (5.8) | 1106 (6.4) | 407 (5.2) |
| Handedness | ||||
| Right | 59 739 (80.5) | 39 537 (80.4) | 13 894 (80.7) | 6308 (80.5) |
| Left | 1678 (2.3) | 1111 (2.3) | 386 (2.2) | 181 (2.3) |
| Ambidextrous | 3470 (4.7) | 2212 (4.5) | 867 (5.0) | 391 (5.0) |
| Unknown | 9360 (12.6) | 6339 (12.9) | 2062 (12.0) | 959 (12.2) |
| Level of education | ||||
| Undergraduate and less | 8788 (11.8) | 5730 (11.6) | 2056 (11.9) | 1002 (12.8) |
| Graduate | 39 284 (52.9) | 25 904 (52.7) | 9218 (53.6) | 4162 (53.1) |
| Postgraduate and more | 26 175 (35.3) | 17 565 (35.7) | 5935 (34.5) | 2675 (34.1) |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Current | 7340 (9.9) | 5119 (10.4) | 1595 (9.3) | 626 (8.0) |
| Former | 27 151 (36.6) | 17 359 (35.3) | 6706 (39.0) | 3086 (39.4) |
| Never | 39 756 (53.5) | 26 721 (54.3) | 8908 (51.8) | 4127 (52.6) |
Abbreviations: ATC, anatomic therapeutic chemical; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); MET, metabolic equivalent task; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
a
ATC codes: antimigraine preparations, N02C; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antirheumatic products, M01A; other analgesics and antipyretics, N02B; antiepileptics, N03A; antivertigo preparations, N07C; and β-blocking agents, C07.