Table 1.

Case reports with BK virus demonstrated in urothelial malignancy

Authors	Number of patients	Type of transplant	Induction	Maintenance	Detection of BKVN	Maintenance immunosuppression used after DX of BKVN	Interval between BKVN and CA bladder	Comments
Roberts et al., 2008[4]	10	Kidney	Not specified	Not specified	Not specified	Not specified	Not specified
Emerson et al., 2008[5]	1	Kidney	ATG	Tac MMF steroids	Yes	Sirolimus only		Graft nephrectomy done 3 years later in view of persistent BK viremia. Graft pathology revealed intraepithelial neoplasia within tubules
Hill et al., 2009[6]	1	Kidney	Not specified	Tac MMF steroids	Yes	CysA/AZA/steroids	About 2 years
Fernández Rivera et al., 2010[7]	1	Kidney-pancreas	ATG (1.25 mg/kg × 5 doses)	SirolimusMMFsteroids	Yes	Sirolimus/steroids	Not specified	Tac to sirolimus in first-month posttransplant in view of hyperglycemia and unrevealing pancreas biopsy
Galed-Placed and Valbuena-Ruvira, 2011[8]	1	Kidney + pancreas	Not specified	Tac/MMF/steroids	Yes	Not specified	About 2 years
Pino et al., 2013[9]	1	Kidney	Not specified	Tac/MMF/steroids	Yes	Not specified	5 years
Alexiev et al., 2013[10]	1	Kidney-pancreas	Not specified	Not specified	Transplantectomy	Not specified
Alexiev et al., 2013[10]	1	Kidney	Not specified	Not specified	Kidney BX negative for BKVN	Not specified
Yin et al., 2015[11]	1	Kidney	Not specified	CysA/MMF/steroids	No	Not specified		Same dose of immunosuppression postcystectomy
Salvatore et al., 2016[12]	1	Kidney	Not specified	Tac/MMF/steroids	Yes	Not specified	5 years
Yan et al., 2016[13]	13	Kidney	Variable	Variable	Variable	Variable	Variable	31% of all urothelial CA were positive for Tag, and >50% of invasive urothelial CA were positive for Tag

BKVN: BK virus nephropathy, MMF: Mycophenolate mofetil, Tac: Tacrolimus, AZA: Azathioprine, CysA: Cyclosporine A, CA: Carcinoma, ATG: Antithymocyte globulin, Tag: T antigen