Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with takotsubo syndrome and acute myocardial infarction
| Takotsubo syndrome (n = 61 412) | Acute myocardial infarction (n = 3 470 011) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years (SEM) | 66.70 (0.11) | 68.91 (0.06) | <0.0001 |
| Female sex | 54 574 (88.9%) | 1 431 530 (41.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Primary payer | <0.0001 | ||
| Medicare | 37 738 (61.5%) | 2 189 310 (63.3%) | |
| Medicaid | 4025 (6.6%) | 228 819 (6.6%) | |
| Private insurance | 15 337 (25%) | 743 449 (21.5%) | |
| Self-pay | 2310 (3.8%) | 172 677 (5%) | |
| No charge | 249 (0.4%) | 19 919 (0.6%) | |
| Other | 1661 (2.7%) | 106 975 (3.1%) | |
| Hypertension | 41 305 (67.3%) | 2 543 908 (73.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 29 971 (48.8%) | 1 949 458 (56.2%) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 13 209 (21.5%) | 1 258 814 (36.3%) | <0.0001 |
| CKD | 5025 (8.2%) | 804 692 (23.2%) | <0.0001 |
| ESRD | 652 (1.1%) | 154 784 (4.5%) | <0.0001 |
| Peripheral vascular disorders | 4512 (7.3%) | 453 477 (13.1%) | <0.0001 |
| Prior PCI | 2979 (4.9%) | 447 607 (12.9%) | <0.0001 |
| Prior CABG | 932 (1.5%) | 298 232 (8.6%) | <0.0001 |
| Heart failure | 6293 (10.2%) | 394 235 (11.4%) | <0.0001 |
| Valvular heart disease | 1573 (2.6%) | 130 332 (3.8%) | <0.0001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 8691 (14.2%) | 717 017 (20.7%) | <0.0001 |
| Malignancy | 2224 (3.6%) | 142 283 (4.1%) | 0.0021 |
| Anaemia | 9744 (15.9%) | 727 370 (21%) | <0.0001 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 17 674 (28.8%) | 797 999 (23%) | <0.0001 |
| Hypothyroidism | 10 581 (17.2%) | 404 197 (11.6%) | <0.0001 |
| Obesity | 6519 (10.6%) | 489 146 (14.1%) | <0.0001 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis/collagen vascular disease | 2678 (4.4%) | 94 115 (2.7%) | <0.0001 |
| Depression | 9667 (15.7%) | 290 827 (8.4%) | <0.0001 |
| Psychosis | 3006 (4.9%) | 104 251 (3%) | <0.0001 |
| Alcohol abuse | 2590 (4.2%) | 122 449 (3.5%) | <0.0001 |
| Drug abuse | 2348 (3.8%) | 89 806 (2.6%) | <0.0001 |
| Hospital urban-rural designation | <0.0001 | ||
| Large metropolitan area (>1 million residents) | 31 810 (51.8%) | 1 787 022 (51.5%) | |
| Small metropolitan area (<1 million residents) | 25 950 (42.3%) | 1 355 669 (39.1%) | |
| Micropolitan area | 3441 (5.6%) | 267 469 (7.7%) | |
| Rural area | 211 (0.3%) | 59 850 (1.7%) |
CKD, chronic kidney disease; ESRD, end stage renal disease; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting.