Retinal oxidative stress was reduced in MMF-treated animals. (A) At 24 hours after LIR, Hmox1 mRNA level was upregulated (13.9-fold) by LIR, which was significantly attenuated in MMF treated retinas. Nrf2, Gclc, and Nqo1 did not show significant changes. All qPCR data was replicated twice with n = 3. (B) Western blot analysis showed that HMOX1 protein level was increased at 6 (1.9-fold), 12 (2.7-fold), and 24 (1.9-fold) hours after LIR, which was attenuated in MMF-treated retinas. Protein level of pNRF2 (ser40) was not significantly changed from 1 to 24 hours after LIR. Fold change was shown as mean ± SE, n = 3. *Fold change ≥ 2.