. 2019 Feb 13;8(1):e000464. doi: 10.1136/bmjoq-2018-000464

Table 1.

Summary of evidence of PIP

Intervention	Effect size	Comments
Pressure relief	RR 0.62 (95% CI 0.10 to 3.97, p value = 0.62)⁶	Cochrane review showed limited evidence due to underpowered studies. RCT found no difference between 2, 3 or 4 hours repositioning⁷
Specialised mattresses	(RR 0.40 95% CI 0.21 to 0.74)⁸	Cochrane review showed high-quality evidence for the use of higher-specification foam mattresses or medical sheepskin
Dressing over bony prominences	RR 0.21 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.51; p value = 0.0006)⁹	Cochrane review showed low-quality evidence with high or unclear risk of bias
Nutritional supports	RR 0.86 (95% CI 0.73 to 1.00; p value = 0.05)¹⁰	Cochrane review showed low-quality evidence with high or unclear risk of bias
Use of skin moisturisers	RR 0.78 (95% CI 0.47 to 1.31; p value = 0.35)⁹	Cochrane review showed low-quality evidence with high or unclear risk of bias

PIP, pressure injury prevention; RCT, randomised controlled trial.