Table 2.
Bivariate Comparisons of Predictors of Any HCV Treatment Failure Using Direct-Acting Antivirals in People Living With HIV
| Covariates | Failure | No Failure | Total | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 55 (7.1%) | n = 729 (92.2%) | n = 784 (100%) | ||
| DAA Regimen-Simplified, n (%) | ||||
| Sofosbuvir plus ribavirin | 1 (1.8) | 15 (2.1) | 16 (2.0) | .23 |
| Sofosbuvir plus ledipasvir ± ribavirin | 25 (44.5) | 340 (46.6) | 365 (46.6) | |
| Sofosbuvir plus simeprevir ± ribavirin | 9 (16.4) | 56 (7.7) | 65 (8.3) | |
| Sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir ± ribavirin | 5 (9.1) | 42 (5.8) | 47 (5.9) | |
| PrOD ± RBV | 2 (3.6) | 73 (10.0) | 75 (9.6) | |
| Sofosbuvir plus velpatasvir ± ribavirin | 8 (14.6) | 119 (16.3) | 127 (16.2) | |
| Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir + ribavirin | 0 (0) | 18 (2.5) | 18 (2.3) | |
| Grazoprevir/elbasvir | 0 (0) | 13 (1.8) | 13 (1.7) | |
| Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir | 5 (9.1) | 53 (7.3) | 58 (7.4) | |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||
| Female | 8 (14.5) | 184 (25.8) | 192 (24.5) | .08 |
| Male | 47 (85.5) | 545 (74.8) | 592 (75.5) | |
| Race/Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
| Nonwhite, | 3 (5.5) | 30 (4.1) | 33 (4.2) | .63 |
| White | 52 (94.5) | 699 (95.9) | 751 (95.8) | |
| HIV Risk Factor, n (%) | ||||
| Men who have sex with men (MSM) | 3 (5.5) | 69 (9.5) | 72 (9.2) | .47 |
| Heterosexual | 9 (16.4) | 74 (10.2) | 83 (10.6) | |
| Hemophilia | 1 (1.8) | 10 (1.4) | 11 (1.4) | |
| MSM + intravenous drug use (IDU) | 4 (7.3) | 28 (3.8) | 32 (4.1) | |
| Heterosexual + IDU | 36 (65.5) | 516 (70.8) | 552 (70.4) | |
| Other | 2 (3.6) | 32 (4.4) | 34 (4.3) | |
| Active Alcohol, Baseline, n (%) | ||||
| No | 33 (60.0) | 516 (70.8) | 549 (70.0) | .09 |
| Yes | 22 (40.0) | 213 (29.2) | 235 (30.0) | |
| Active Illegal Drugs, Baseline, n (%) | ||||
| No | 26 (47.3) | 553 (75.9) | 579 (73.9) | <.001 |
| Yes | 29 (52.7) | 176 (24.1) | 205 (26.1) | |
| Active Intravenous Drug Use, Baseline, n (%) | ||||
| No | 44 (78.6) | 672 (92.3) | 716 (91.3) | <.001 |
| Yes | 12 (21.4) | 56 (7.7) | 68 (8.7) | |
| Unstable housing, n (%) | ||||
|
No |
44 (80.0) | 664 (91.1) | 708 (90.3) | .007 |
| Yes | 11 (20.0) | 65 (8.9) | 76 (9.7) | |
| Active Mental Illness n (%) | ||||
| No | 24 (43.6) | 541 (74.2) | 565 (72.1) | <.001 |
| Yes | 31 (56.4) | 188 (25.8) | 219 (27.9) | |
| HCV genotype (grouped), n (%) | ||||
| 1/1a/1b | 43 (78.2) | 512 (70.2) | 555 (70.8) | .44 |
| 2/2b | 1 (1.8) | 17 (2.3) | 18 (2.3) | |
| 3/3a/3b | 7 (12.7) | 89 (12.2) | 96 (12.2) | |
| 4 | 4 (7.3) | 111 (15.2) | 115 (15.2) | |
| Fibrosis score, n (%) | ||||
| F0–2 | 23 (41.8) | 395 (54.2) | 418 (53.3) | .08 |
| F3–4 | 32 (58.2) | 334 (45.8) | 366 (46.7) | |
| HCV Treatment Naive, n (%) | ||||
| No | 20 (36.4) | 247 (33.9) | 267 (34.1) | .71 |
| Yes | 35 (63.6) | 482 (66.1) | 517 (65.9) | |
| Cirrhosis, n (%) | ||||
| No | 35 (63.6) | 504 (69.1) | 539 (68.8) | .40 |
| Yes | 20 (36.4) | 225 (30.9) | 245 (31.2) | |
| History of Liver Decompensation, n (%) | ||||
| No | 50 (90.9) | 684 (93.8) | 734 (93.6) | .39 |
| Yes | 5 (9.1) | 45 (6.2) | 50 (6.4) | |
| Cohort, n (%) | ||||
| San Diego, CA | 17 (30.9) | 160 (22.0) | 177 (22.6) | .24 |
| La Coruña, Spain | 17 (30.9) | 269 (36.9) | 286 (36.5) | |
| Madrid, Spain | 10 (18.2) | 102 (14.0) | 112 (14.3) | |
| Sassari, Italy | 1 (1.8) | 58 (7.9) | 59 (7.5) | |
| Vigo, Spain | 10 (18.2) | 140 (19.2) | 150 (19.1) | |
| HIV Viral Load in Copies/mL, n (%) | ||||
| >50 | 8 (14.5) | 85 (11.7) | 93 (11.9) | .52 |
| ≤50 | 47 (85.5) | 644 (88.3) | 691 (88.1) | |
| HCV Viral Load IU/mL, n (%) | ||||
| >700 000 | 32 (58.2) | 403 (55.3) | 435 (55.5) | .68 |
| ≤700 000 | 23 (41.8) | 326 (44.7) | 349 (44.5) | |
| CD4 Cell Count/mm3 | ||||
| 0–199 | 5 (9.1) | 86 (11.8) | 91 (11.6) | .83 |
| 200–349 | 11 (20.0) | 147 (20.2) | 158 (20.2) | |
| ≥ 350 | 39 (70.9) | 496 (68.0) | 535 (68.2) | |
| Age (years), mean (95% CI) | 49.1 (46.9–51.3) | 49.7 (49.1–50.2) | 49.7 (49.1–50.2) | .49 |
| Log10 HCV viral load, mean (95% CI) | 5.9 (5.7–6.10 | 5.8 (5.7–5.9) | 5.8 (5.7–5.9) | .48 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Score, mean (95% CI) | 5.8 (4.9–6.7) | 5.6 (5.4–5.8) | 5.6 (5.4–5.8) | .68 |
| CD4 before DAA initiation, mean (95% CI) | 465.4 (403.8–526.9) | 546.3 (521.2–571.5) | 540.6 (516.8–564.5) | .23 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; DAA, direct-acting antivirals; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; PrOD, paritaprevir/ritonavir-ombitasvir and dasabuvir; RBV, ribavirin.