Sharma 2010.

Methods	Design: double‐blind, prospective randomized controlled trial Country: India Multisite: no International: no Treatment duration: preoperative period Follow‐up: 24 hours postoperatively Operative procedure(s): laparoscopic cholecystectomy Randomization unit: participants Analysis unit: individual
Participants	90 participants enrolled ASA I to II female participants aged 18 to 60 years undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy Exclusion criteria included: history of congestive heart failure; diabetes mellitus; epilepsy; valvular heart disease; hypertension; smoking; relevant drug allergy; established gastrointestinal disease; use of antiemetic medications in the 24 hours before surgery; developing intraoperative hypotension; developing excessive blood loss; those whose surgeries lasted longer than 2 hours. Randomized to: group A (n = 30, 33.3%); group B (n = 30, 33.3%); group C (n = 30, 33.3%); no withdrawals were stated. Main characteristics of participants: age (mean, standard deviation): group A 37.23 years, 11.43; group B 38.43 years, 12.33; group C 35.70, 10.06; number of females/males: 90/0.
Interventions	Group A (control): preoperative bolus of 10 mL/kg Ringer's lactate. Group B (intervention): preoperative bolus of 20 mL/kg Ringer's lactate Group C (intervention): preoperative bolus of 30 mL/kg Ringer's lactate Co‐interventions: none stated
Outcomes	Nausea was assessed by 100 mm VAS at 0, 1, 4, 8, 12, 18, and 24 hours postoperatively. A score of greater than 50 mm was considered significant nausea. Episodes of vomiting and the administration of rescue antiemetics in PACU were recorded. The risk of sore throat, dizziness, and thirst was recorded for each participant.
Notes	Trial registration: not stated Funder: not stated A priori sample size estimation: not stated; post hoc calculation provided on page 385 Conducted: dates not stated Declared conflicts of interest: not stated
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Participants were randomly allocated, but no information on the randomization process was provided.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Participants were randomly allocated, but no information on the randomization process was provided.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	The study is described as being "blind" but the blinding status of the perioperative personnel was not described.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	The study is described as being "blind" but the blinding status of the outcome assessor was not described.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No withdrawals were stated.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All outcomes were reported.
Other bias	Low risk	There were no other sources of bias.