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. 2019 Mar 29;2019(3):CD012212. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012212.pub2

Singh 2013.

Methods Design: randomized controlled trial
 Country: India
 Multisite: no
 International: no
 Treatment duration: preoperative period
 Follow‐up: (quote) "in the post anesthesia care unit"
 Operative procedure(s): ambulatory surgeries
 Randomization unit: participants
 Analysis unit: individual
Participants

  1. 60 healthy adults, undergoing laparoscopic surgery


Randomized to:

  1. preload group;

  2. control group.
Interventions

  1. Preload group: preoperative bolus of 30 mL/kg of balanced salt solution

  2. Control group: no additional bolus
Outcomes Participants were monitored in the postanaesthesia care unit for:

  1. nausea;

  2. nausea accompanied with vomiting;

  3. vomiting alone using the visual analogue scale (VAS).


Vomiting was recorded as number of episodes.
Antiemetic treatment with ondansetron (4 mg) and dexamethasone (8 mg) was measured, for nausea scores more than 5 out of a maximum of 10, or a vomiting episode.
Notes Trial registration: not stated
 Funder: not stated
 A priori sample size estimation: not stated
 Conducted: dates not stated
 Declared conflicts of interest: not stated
Only available as an abstract
Risk of bias
Bias Authors' judgement Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias) Unclear risk Participants were randomly assigned, but the randomization process was not described.
Allocation concealment (selection bias) Unclear risk Participants were randomly allocated, but no information on the allocation process was provided.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) 
 All outcomes Unclear risk Blinding was not described in this study.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) 
 All outcomes Unclear risk Blinding was not described in this study.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) 
 All outcomes Unclear risk Unable to assess, due to very limited presentation of data. Only P values and relative risk reported.
Selective reporting (reporting bias) Unclear risk Unable to assess, due to very limited presentation of data. Only P values and relative risk reported.
Other bias Low risk No other sources of bias were stated.