TABLE 4.
Prevalence of enterocopathogens of EPEC infections in children with and without diarrhea (cases and controls) from Brazilian semiarid regiona
| Copathogen | No. (%) of children |
Univariable analysis |
Multivariable analysis |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases (n = 174) | Controls (n = 163) | Total (n = 337) |
P valueb | OR | 95% CI | P valueb | OR | 95% CI | |
| Bacteria | |||||||||
| EAEC | 130 (74.7) | 112 (68.7) | 252 (74.7) | 0.2284 | 1.34 | 0.83–2.16 | 0.575 | 1.15 | 0.69–1.90 |
| EIEC/Shigella | 20 (11.5) | 25 (15.3) | 45 (13.3) | 0.3381 | 0.71 | 0.38–1.34 | 0.755 | 0.89 | 0.42–1.85 |
| ETEC | 25 (14.3) | 27 (16.5) | 52 (15.4) | 0.6514 | 0.84 | 0.46–1.52 | 0.516 | 0.81 | 0.43–1.51 |
| Salmonella spp. | 32 (18.3) | 38 (23.3) | 70 (20.8) | 0.2846 | 0.74 | 0.43–1.25 | 0.517 | 0.81 | 0.44–1.50 |
| Campylobacter spp. | 20 (11.5) | 8 (5.0) | 28 (8.3) | 0.0309 | 2.51 | 1.07–5.88 | 0.027 | 2.72 | 1.12–6.61 |
| Aeromonas spp. | 7 (4.1) | 7 (4.3) | 14 (4.1) | 1.0000 | 0.93 | 0.32–2.72 | 0.765 | 0.83 | 0.25–2.72 |
| Vibrio cholerae | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.6) | 2 (0.6) | 1.0000 | 0.93 | 0.05–15.11 | 1.0000 | 1.00 | 0.52–19.2 |
| Viruses | |||||||||
| Adenovirus | 6 (3.4) | 1 (0.6) | 7 (2.1) | 0.1225 | 5.78 | 0.68–48.61 | 0.165 | 4.69 | 0.53–41.5 |
| Astrovirus | 4 (2.3) | 3 (1.8) | 7 (2.1) | 1.0000 | 1.25 | 0.27–5.69 | 0.710 | 1.33 | 0.29–6.12 |
| Norovirus | 11 (6.3) | 2 (1.2) | 13 (3.9) | 0.0209 | 5.43 | 1.1824.91 | 0.032 | 5.33 | 1.15–24.69 |
| Rotavirus | 21 (12.1) | 10 (6.1) | 31 (9.2) | 0.0883 | 2.10 | 0.95–4.60 | 0.111 | 1.92 | 0.86–4.30 |
| Sapovirus | 6 (3.4) | 4 (2.4) | 10 (2.3) | 0.7515 | 1.42 | 0.39–5.12 | 0.090 | 6.23 | 0.75–51.7 |
| Protozoa | |||||||||
| Entamoeba spp. | 3 (1.7) | 1 (0.6) | 4 (1.2) | 0.6236 | 2.84 | 0.29–27.62 | 0.333 | 3.09 | 0.31–30.3 |
| Cryptosporidium spp. | 10 (5.8) | 10 (6.1) | 20 (6.0) | 1.0000 | 0.93 | 0.37–2.30 | 0.750 | 0.86 | 0.34–2.15 |
| Giardia lamblia | 33 (19.0) | 25 (15.3) | 58 (17.2) | 0.3905 | 1.29 | 0.73–2.28 | 0.228 | 1.42 | 0.80–2.53 |
a
EAEC, enteroaggregative Escherichia coli; EIEC, enteroinvasive Escherichia coli; ETEC, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
b
P values were obtained from Fisher’s exact tests (a P value of <0.05 was considered significant). Values with statistical significance are highlighted in bold.