Table 3.
Association between the rate of change in maternal anthropometry and neonatal anthropometry† in non-obese women with singleton pregnancies (n 1911) recruited from twelve US sites, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Fetal Growth Studies–Singletons cohort (2009–2013)
| Neonatal anthropometry | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lean mass (g) | Fat mass (g) | Fat percentage (%) | Birth weight (g) | |||||
| Maternal anthropometry | β | 95 % CI | β | 95 % CI | β | 95 % CI | β | 95 % CI |
| Mid-upper arm circumference (per 1 mm change/week) | ||||||||
| Second trimester (15–<28 weeks) | −25·8 | −54·0, 2·35 | 9·64 | −7·71, 26·4 | 0·33 | −0·06, 0·73 | −13·61 | −53·4, 26·2 |
| Third trimester (28–40 weeks) | −28·1* | −60·2, −4·13 | 15·07 | −4·06, 34·2 | 0·48* | 0·03, 0·93 | −13·7 | −59·4, 31·9 |
| Subscapular skinfold (per 0·1 mm change/week) | ||||||||
| Second trimester (15–<28 weeks) | −36·3 | −79·0, 6·33 | −10·75 | −36·3, 14·76 | −0·21 | −0·80, 0·39 | −39·1 | −99·3, 21·2 |
| Third trimester (28–40 weeks) | −22·4 | −46·9, 2·24 | −6·29 | −21·0, 8·49 | −0·12 | −0·46, 0·23 | −24·5 | −59·3, 10·3 |
| Triceps skinfold (per 0·1 mm change/week) | ||||||||
| Second trimester (15–<28 weeks) | −15·9* | −27·1, −4·74 | −0·51 | −7·18, 6·16 | −0·041 | −0·12, 0·19 | −13·7 | −29·5, 2·10 |
| Third trimester (28–40 weeks) | −13·1* | −22·7, −3·37 | −2·65 | −8·45, 3·14 | −0·028 | −0·16, 0·11 | −13·3 | −27·1, 0·35 |
| Maternal weight change (per 0·1 kg change/week) | ||||||||
| Second trimester (15–<28 weeks) | 31·8* | 23·2, 40·5 | 21·3* | 16·2, 26·5 | 0·44* | 0·32, 0·56 | 54·5* | 42·3, 66·6 |
| Third trimester (28–40 weeks) | 12·9* | 7·60, 18·4 | 9·42* | 6·22, 12·6 | 0·19* | 0·12, 0·26 | 22·7* | 15·2, 30·3 |
| Net weight change‡ (per 0·1 kg change/week) | ||||||||
| Second trimester (15–<28 weeks) | 24·6* | 18·1, 31·2 | 16·7* | 12·8, 20·6 | 0·34* | 0·25, 0·44 | 42·4* | 33·3, 51·6 |
| Third trimester (28–40 weeks) | 7·43* | 2·85, 12·01 | 6·06* | 3·33, 8·79 | 0·12* | 0·06, 0·18 | 13·8* | 7·37, 20·3 |
*P<0·05.
†
Values are beta coefficients and 95 % CI; adjusted for race, infant sex, parity, age, height, pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational age at delivery, neonatal measurement date and baseline anthropometry value; neonatal lean mass, fat mass and fat percentage (n 1698), birth weight (n 1759).
‡
Calculated as the difference between maternal weight and estimated fetal weight.