Table 4.
Association between the tertile of rate of change in maternal anthropometry in the third trimester (28–40 weeks) and neonatal anthropometry† in non-obese women with singleton pregnancies (n 1911) recruited from twelve US sites, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Fetal Growth Studies–Singletons cohort (2009–2013)
| Neonatal anthropometry | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lean mass (g) | Fat mass (g) | Fat percentage (%) | Birth weight (g) | |||||
| Maternal anthropometry | β | 95 % CI | β | 95 % CI | β | 95 % CI | β | 95 % CI |
| Mid-upper arm circumference (mm/week) | ||||||||
| −2·37 to 0·22 | 16·0 | −14·6, 46·6 | −9·05 | −27·2, 9·17 | −0·21 | −0·63, 0·23 | 12·6 | −30·6, 55·7 |
| 0·22 to 0·56 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| 0·57 to 3·276 | −22·8 | −53·0, 7·46 | −8·72 | −26·7, 9·26 | −0·13 | −0·56, 0·29 | −26·7 | −69·4, 15·8 |
| Subscapular skinfold (mm/week) | ||||||||
| −0·17 to 0·06 | 25·5 | −5·82, 56·9 | 6·75 | −12·0, 25·5 | 0·15 | −0·29, 0·59 | 33·9 | −10·3, 78·3 |
| 0·07 to 0·12 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| 0·13 to 0·54 | 4·54 | −27·7, 36·8 | 2·21 | −17·1, 21·5 | 0·03 | −0·42, 0·48 | 12·8 | −32·8, 58·5 |
| Triceps skinfold (mm/week) | ||||||||
| −0·57 to −0·06 | 35·8* | 5·64, 65·9 | 10·02 | −8·00, 28·1 | 0·18 | −0·24, 0·61 | 35·9 | −6·66, 78·6 |
| 0·05 to 0·06 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| 0·07 to 0·63 | −4·78 | −35·3, 25·7 | 0·34 | −17·9, 18·5 | 0·09 | −0·33, 0·52 | −7·52 | −50·8, 35·7 |
| Weight change (kg/week) | ||||||||
| −0·37 to 0·52 | −54·1* | −84·8, −23·5 | −36·4* | −54·6, −18·2 | −0·77* | −1·20, −0·34 | −85·6* | −128·1, −42·7 |
| 0·51 to 0·71 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| 0·72 to 1·73 | 25·1 | −5·00, 55·2 | 23·6* | 5·70, 41·5 | 0·45* | 0·03, 0·87 | 54·5* | 12·1, 97·0 |
| Net weight change‡ (kg/week) | ||||||||
| −0·06 to 0·04 | −14·7 | −45·5, 16·1 | −14·8 | −33·2, 3·59 | −0·30* | −0·73, −0·13 | −25·3 | −68·7, 18·1 |
| 0·041 to 0·06 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| 0·061 to 0·18 | 15·1 | −15·4, 45·3 | 19·4* | 1·30, 37·5 | 0·42 | −0·004, 0·85 | 40·8 | −2·05, 83·7 |
*P<0·05.
†
Values are beta coefficients and 95 % CI; adjusted for race, infant sex, parity, age, height, pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational age at delivery and neonatal measurement date, and baseline anthropometry value; neonatal lean mass, fat mass and fat percentage (n 1698), birth weight (n 1759).
‡
Calculated as the difference between maternal weight and estimated fetal weight.