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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Patient Educ Couns. 2018 Oct 29;102(4):709–717. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2018.10.021

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Community-based self-help care model of T2DM management. TLCs is a process, not an event and it continues in a feedback loop. Community health workers (CHWs) assist participants to set short- and long-term goals using the SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound) principle and to achieve the goals by training skills. They communicate online (using the CDMS and smartphone) and offline (e.g., face-to-face interview and counseling).