Table 1.
Groups based on lifetime history of psychopathology meeting Axis I or II DSM-IV criteria
Control (1) | Resilient (2) | Susceptible (3) | 1 vs. 2 | 1 vs. 3 | 2 vs. 3 | F | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | ||||||||
22.1±2.46 | 21.7±2.46 | 21.2±2.46 | p > .60 | p < .02 | p > .30 | 4.4 | p < .02 | |
Parental Education (years) | ||||||||
16.6±3.15 | 14.7±3.15 | 14.8±3.15 | p < .01 | p < 10−4 | p > .90 | 10.6 | p < 10−4 | |
Financial sufficiency during childhood | ||||||||
3.36±0.90 | 2.94±0.90 | 2.76±0.90 | p < .10 | p < 10−5 | p > .40 | 13.1 | p < 10−5 | |
Number of Types of Maltreatment | ||||||||
0.58±1.62 | 2.96±1.55 | 4.36±1.59 | p < 10−11 | p < 10−12 | p < 10−5 | 147.2 | p < 10−43 | |
Sexual Abuse | ||||||||
0.05±1.78 | 0.59±1.71 | 1.87±1.75 | p > 0.4 | p < 10−10 | p < 10−4 | 30.8 | p < 10−12 | |
Parental Verbal Abuse | ||||||||
1.92±2.75 | 5.82±2.63 | 7.22±2.69 | p < 10−11 | p < 10−12 | p < .02 | 101.6 | p < 10−33 | |
Parental non-verbal emotional abuse | ||||||||
2.02±2.04 | 4.33±1.95 | 4.98±1.99 | p < 10−7 | p < 10−12 | p > .20 | 58.3 | p < 10−21 | |
Parental physical abuse | ||||||||
2.14±2.44 | 4.03±2.33 | 4.86±2.39 | p < .001 | p < 10−11 | p > .10 | 34.0 | p < 10−13 | |
Witnessing interparental violence | ||||||||
0.67±2.26 | 1.34±2.16 | 1.79±2.21 | p > .30 | p < .003 | p > .40 | 6.70 | p < .01 | |
Witnessing violence towards siblings | ||||||||
0.19±1.62 | 0.739±1.55 | 1.49±1.58 | p > .20 | p<10−6 | p < .02 | 17.9 | p < 10−7 | |
Peer emotional bullying | ||||||||
3.0±2.96 | 6.6±2.84 | 7.47±2.9 | p < 10−8 | p < 10−12 | p > .20 | 63.6 | p < 10−22 | |
Peer physical bullying | ||||||||
0.51±2.44 | 2.57±2.34 | 2.49±2.39 | p < 10−4 | p < 10−6 | p > .90 | 20.3 | p < 10−8 | |
Emotional neglect | ||||||||
0.87±2.02 | 1.88±1.93 | 3.09±1.97 | p < .05 | p < 10−11 | p <.002 | 33.7 | p < 10−13 | |
Physical neglect | ||||||||
0.44±1.82 | 0.933±1.74 | 1.62±1.78 | p > .40 | p < 10−4 | p <.07 | 11.7 | p < 10−4 |
Exposure to maltreatment was controlled for age, sex, parental education and financial sufficiency.