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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Apr 15.
Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychiatry. 2018 Nov 2;85(8):690–702. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.10.016

Table 1.

Groups based on lifetime history of psychopathology meeting Axis I or II DSM-IV criteria

Control (1) Resilient (2) Susceptible (3) 1 vs. 2 1 vs. 3 2 vs. 3 F p
Age
22.1±2.46 21.7±2.46 21.2±2.46 p > .60 p < .02 p > .30 4.4 p < .02
Parental Education (years)
16.6±3.15 14.7±3.15 14.8±3.15 p < .01 p < 10−4 p > .90 10.6 p < 10−4
Financial sufficiency during childhood
3.36±0.90 2.94±0.90 2.76±0.90 p < .10 p < 10−5 p > .40 13.1 p < 10−5
Number of Types of Maltreatment
0.58±1.62 2.96±1.55 4.36±1.59 p < 10−11 p < 10−12 p < 10−5 147.2 p < 10−43
Sexual Abuse
0.05±1.78 0.59±1.71 1.87±1.75 p > 0.4 p < 10−10 p < 10−4 30.8 p < 10−12
Parental Verbal Abuse
1.92±2.75 5.82±2.63 7.22±2.69 p < 10−11 p < 10−12 p < .02 101.6 p < 10−33
Parental non-verbal emotional abuse
2.02±2.04 4.33±1.95 4.98±1.99 p < 10−7 p < 10−12 p > .20 58.3 p < 10−21
Parental physical abuse
2.14±2.44 4.03±2.33 4.86±2.39 p < .001 p < 10−11 p > .10 34.0 p < 10−13
Witnessing interparental violence
0.67±2.26 1.34±2.16 1.79±2.21 p > .30 p < .003 p > .40 6.70 p < .01
Witnessing violence towards siblings
0.19±1.62 0.739±1.55 1.49±1.58 p > .20 p<10−6 p < .02 17.9 p < 10−7
Peer emotional bullying
3.0±2.96 6.6±2.84 7.47±2.9 p < 10−8 p < 10−12 p > .20 63.6 p < 10−22
Peer physical bullying
0.51±2.44 2.57±2.34 2.49±2.39 p < 10−4 p < 10−6 p > .90 20.3 p < 10−8
Emotional neglect
0.87±2.02 1.88±1.93 3.09±1.97 p < .05 p < 10−11 p <.002 33.7 p < 10−13
Physical neglect
0.44±1.82 0.933±1.74 1.62±1.78 p > .40 p < 10−4 p <.07 11.7 p < 10−4

Exposure to maltreatment was controlled for age, sex, parental education and financial sufficiency.