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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 May 26.
Published in final edited form as: Oncogene. 2018 Nov 26;38(13):2241–2262. doi: 10.1038/s41388-018-0567-7

Figure 7. Anti-leukemia effects of ribavirin against KMT2A-AFF1 infant ALL in cytotoxic chemotherapy combinations.

Figure 7.

(a) Timeline for plating irradiated BMSCs, and co-culture and treatment of infant ALL cells with vehicle, chemotherapy/ribavirin combination, single-agent chemotherapy or single-agent ribavirin on the stromal layer. Time 0 represents start of treatment.

(b) Percentages of live (DAPI-CD19+) cells remaining normalized to vehicle after chemotherapy/ribavirin combination, single-agent chemotherapy or single-agent ribavirin treatment. Chemotherapy drugs tested in the combinations are at top right in plots. Asterisks indicate greater decreases in DAPI-CD19+ cells with the combination compared to the sum of decreases with the relevant single-agent treatments, consistent with cooperative interactions with every ribavirin/chemotherapy combination.

(c) Percentages of dead (DAPI+CD19+) cells normalized to vehicle after chemotherapy/ribavirin combination, single-agent chemotherapy or single-agent ribavirin treatment. Chemotherapy drugs are at top left in plots. Asterisks indicate greater proportions of DAPI+CD19+ cells with the combination compared to the sum of decreases with the relevant single-agent treatments, consistent with cooperative ALL cell killing by every combination tested with exception of vincristine/ribavirin.

(b, c) The data plotted are averages for 2 intra-experimental replicates per condition from a single experiment for each of the 6 single-agent chemotherapies and each chemotherapy/ribavirin combination. For single-agent ribavirin, the data plotted are averages for 2 intra-experimental replicates per condition from all 6 experiments. Error bars represent standard error. Abbreviations: Aase, L-asparaginase; AraC, cytarabine; DEX, dexamethasone; VP16, etoposide; ADR, doxorubicin; VCR, vincristine.