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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019 Feb 13;197:56–64. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.01.004

Table 2.

Participant Characteristics

All (n=169) Disadvantaged Women (n=53) Opioid-Maintained (n=60) Affective Disorders (n=56)
Age (years, M ± SD) 35.6 ± 1.4 30.0 ± 7.0 41.0 ± 11.2 35.0 ± 12.4
Gender (% Female) 71 100 60 55
Race (%)
 White 73 77 70 71
 American Indian/Alaskan Native 0 0 0 0
 Asian 0.6 0 0 2
 Black/African-American 14 15 20 5
 Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 0.6 0 2 0
 Other/More than 1 race 9 4 9 14
 Latino/a 3 4 0 6
Education (%)
 8th Grade or less 2 2 3 2
 Some High School 14 17 17 7
 High School Graduate/Equivalent 34 38 37 28
 Some college 38 43 35 36
 2- Year Associate’s Degree 6 0 8 9
 College Graduate/4-Year Degree 3 0 0 11
 Graduate or Professional Degree 2 0 0 7
Marital Status (%)
 Married 15 27 7 14
 Never married 61 64 53 66
 Divorced/Separated 21 8 35 17
 Widowed 2 2 3 2
Cigarettes Per Day (M ± SD) 15.8 ± 7.5 14.5 ± 6.3 16.5 ± 6.1 16.3 ± 9.5
Primary Menthol Smoker (%) 35 30 38 36
Age Started Smoking Regularly (years, M ± SD) 16.3 ± 14.3 16.4 ± 3.7 16.2 ± 5.5 16.2 ± 3.1
Fagerstrom Test for Cigarette Dependence (M ± SD) 5.0 ± 2.2 4.6 ± 2.3 5.3 ± 1.8 5.0 ± 2.3