Table 4:
Neuropsychological outcomes associated with a 10-fold increase in maternal serum TCDD levels (Log10 TCDD), stratified by breastfeeding duration (0–1 month vs. >1 month), Seveso Second Generation Health Study, Seveso Italy 2014–2016
| Maternal serum TCDD levels in 1976 | Maternal serum TCDD levels estimated to pregnancy | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Direction of poorer performancec | 0–1 Month adj-βa (95% CI) | >1 Month adj-βa (95% CI) | Pint | 0–1 Month adj-βa (95% CI) | >1 Month adj-βa (95% CI) | Pintt |
| Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) | |||||||
| Total errors T-score | (−) | 0.41 (−6.75, 7.57) | 2.06 (−1.69, 5.81) | 0.94 | −0.75 (−8.17, 6.66) | 0.35 (−3.52, 4.23) | 0.93 |
| Trials to complete first set | (+) | 2.73 (−8.47, 13.93) | −3.57 (−8.86, 1.72) | 0.66 | −1.41 (−9.77, 6.95) | 1.05 (−3.72, 5.82) | 0.91 |
| Perseverative errors T-score | (−) | 0.86 (−9.50, 11.23) | 1.59 (−2.79, 5.96) | 0.86 | −0.79 (−10.97, 9.39) | 3.12 (−2.73, 8.97) | 0.56 |
| Non-perseverative errors T-score | (−) | 1.43 (−5.23, 8.09) | 0.46 (−3.41, 4.34) | 0.26 | 0.59 (−4.49, 5.66) | −1.91 (−6.20, 2.38) | 0.37 |
| Connor’s Continuous Performance Test (CPT)b | |||||||
| Commission errors T-score | (+) | 0.94 (−4.86, 6.73) | −0.63 (−4.18, 2.91) | 0.60 | 1.41 (−4.13, 6.94) | −3.28 (−7.40, 0.83) | 0.12 |
| Omission errors T-score | (+) | 1.08 (−3.65, 5.81) | −2.02 (−6.53, 2.49) | 0.59 | 2.42 (−2.71, 7.55) | −1.98 (−5.17, 1.22) | 0.10 |
| Hit rate SE overall T-score | (+) | 2.93 (−2.31, 8.18) | −0.36 (−4.04, 3.33) | 0.31 | 6.40 (0.44, 12.37)* | −0.22 (−3.99, 3.55) | 0.05 |
| Hit rate SE between sets T-score | (+) | 1.31 (−3.43, 6.06) | −1.03 (−4.88, 2.81) | 0.21 | 2.20 (−3.44, 7.84) | −0.11 (−4.43, 4.20) | 0.53 |
| ADHD confidence index | (+) | 4.85 (−5.13, 14.83) | −2.61 (−8.99, 3.77) | 0.20 | 10.91 (0.22, 21.59)* | −1.92 (−7.74, 3.89) | 0.02 |
| Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) | |||||||
| Immediate recall | (−) | −0.21 (−2.73, 2.31) | 1.71 (−0.19, 3.61) | 0.51 | 0.18 (−2.23, 2.59) | 1.67 (−0.80, 4.14) | 0.32 |
| Delayed recall | (−) | 0.05 (−1.02, 1.12) | 0.46 (−0.36, 1.29) | 0.69 | 0.50 (−0.28, 1.28) | 0.44 (−0.59, 1.47) | 0.94 |
| Ravens Progressive Matrices (RPM) | |||||||
| Total correct | (−) | 0.52 (−3.11, 4.15) | 0.29 (−2.44, 3.03) | 0.73 | −3.42 (−7.15, 0.31) | −0.61 (−3.56, 2.34) | 0.30 |
a
Adjusted for child age at assessment, maternal age at pregnancy, highest level of education in household, maternal shortened Ravens
b
Excluding child with apparent non-effort or computer malfunction during assessment
c
(+) higher scores indicate poorer performance on test, (−) lower scores indicate poorer performance on test
*
p<0.05