Table 1.

Concentrations (μg/mL) of glyoxal (GO), methylglyoxal (MGO), and diacetyl (DA) produced in the glucose–lysine Maillard reaction model system.

Sample	GO	MGO	DA
100 °C- pH 3	0.36 ± 0.04	trace	0.45 ± 0.01
100 °C- pH 5	0.45 ± 0.01	0.18 ± 0.01	N.D.
100 °C- pH 7	0.55 ± 0.01	0.27 ± 0.01	N.D.
100 °C- pH 9	0.67 ± 0.04	0.12 ± 0.01	0.39 ± 0.01
120 °C- pH 3	1.10 ± 0.06	0.59 ± 0.05	0.68 ± 0.01
120 °C- pH 5	0.86 ± 0.02	0.12 ± 0.00	0.71 ± 0.03
120 °C- pH 7	0.97 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.01	0.76 ± 0.03
120 °C- pH 9	3.36 ± 0.10	2.41 ± 0.02	0.81 ± 0.04
140 °C- pH 3	2.03 ± 0.07	1.85 ± 0.10	0.78 ± 0.02
140 °C- pH 5	1.73 ± 0.06	0.69 ± 0.07	0.67 ± 0.02
140 °C- pH 7	1.92 ± 0.04	0.31 ± 0.02	0.86 ± 0.01
140 °C- pH 9	16.78 ± 0.18	15.62 ± 0.62	1.41 ± 0.03
160 °C- pH 3	2.27 ± 0.10	0.62 ± 0.05	0.50 ± 0.02
160 °C- pH 5	11.93 ± 0.09	3.55 ± 0.04	0.36 ± 0.01
160 °C- pH 7	15.79 ± 0.38	5.79 ± 0.20	0.41 ± 0.01
160 °C- pH 9	11.81 ± 0.19	50.81 ± 0.59	2.27 ± 0.03