Table 1.

Exosomal miRNAs involved in therapy response

miRNA	Effects	Cancer type	Reference
Pro-oncogenic
miR-222	PTEN inhibition- > anti-apoptotic p27/kip inhibition- > cell cycle progression	breast cancer gastric cancer non-small lung cancer hepatocellular carcinoma	[104–108]
miR-485-3p	increased transcription of topoisomerase IIα, multidrug resistance gene 1, cyclin B2- > increased survival, drug resistance, DNA repair	prostate cancer rhabdomyosarcoma lymphoblastic leukemia	[109, 110]
miR-100	interference with HIF1α signalling anti-apoptotic	breast cancer melanoma	[39, 111]
miR-23a	activation of MAPK signalling/inhibition of Sprouty2- > therapy resistance, migration, invasion	breast cancer	[39, 112]
Anti-oncogenic
miR-145	growth inhibition- > down-regulation of c-myc and Erk5	colorectal cancer B-cell lymphomas gastric cancer	[40, 113–116]
miR-34a	pro-apoptotic inhibition of cKit/ stemness markers (CD44, BMI-1)	colorectal cancer prostate cancer	[117–119]
let 7 a-c	regulates RAS oncogene	lung cancer breast cancer	[108, 120–123]
miR-15/16	inhibition of bcl2/ CDK1/CDK2 expression	leukemia (CLL) prostate cancer	[123–125]