Table 1.
Major subtypes of EVs and their representative features
| EV subtype | Subcellular origin | Regular diameter | Sedimentation force | Biogenetic mechanisms |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exosomes | Multivesicular bodies (MVBs)/ endosomes | 30–120 nm | 100,000 g | Rab proteins (i.e. Rab7, Rab11, Rab27A/B, Rab35), NSMase, ESCRTs, syndecan, syntenin, ATG12, tetraspanins |
| Microvesicles (MVs)/ectosomes /microparticles | Plasma membrane | 100–1000 nm | 10,000 g | ASMase, flippase, flippase and scramblase (TMEM16F), ARF6 |
| Apoptotic bodies (ABs) | Apoptotic blebs | 0.8–5.0 μm | 2000 g | Annexin V, Caspase 3 |