Flow cytometry, HiRIEF LC-MS/MS proteomics, nanoparticle tracking analysis and electron microscopy analysis of pMSCs and pMEXs. (A–C) Flow cytometry analysis of MSC surface marker expression using monoclonal primary conjugated antibodies against the canonical MSC markers CD73, CD90, and CD105. (D) Nanoparticle tracking analysis determined the size distribution of pMEX, with a mean diameter of 163 nm, red highlight = distribution of events, black line = median. (E) Transmission electron microscopy of pMEX with uranyl acetate negative staining (scale bar 200 nm). (F) HiRIEF LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis identified 93 and 94 exosomal markers out of the top 100 most cited in the ExoCarta database in pMSCs and pMEXs, respectively. (G) Of all, 6.7% proteins observed in pMEX were exclusively detected within pMEX, whereas 71.8% of all pMSCs proteins were exclusively detected in pMSCs. (H) FBS-derived proteins were detected in both pMSC and pMEX (n = 3/group, FDR 1%). FBS, fetal bovine serum; pMSCs, primed mesenchymal stem cells.