Table 3:
Cox proportional hazard model for relationship between relationship between categorical food insecurity variable and mortality
| Model 1 HR (95% CI) | Model 2 HR (95% CI) | Model 3 HR (95% CI) | Model 4 HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Household Food Security | ||||
| Marginal food security | 1.35 (1.04–1.77) | 1.32 (1.00–1.74) | 1.15 (0.85–1.55) | 1.22 (0.89–1.66) |
| Low food security | 1.29 (0.97–1.71) | 1.22 (0.93–1.59) | 1.09 (0.84–1.40) | 1.03 (0.81–1.32) |
| Very low food security | 2.05 (1.44–2.91) | 1.92 (1.37–2.70) | 1.56 (1.12–2.19) | 1.46 (1.04–2.04) |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 0.51 (0.44–0.59) | 0.53 (0.45–0.63) | 0.52 (0.44–0.63) | 0.51 (0.42–0.61) |
| Age | 1.09 (1.08–1.10) | 1.08 (1.07–1.09) | 1.08 (1.07–1.09) | 1.08 (1.07–1.09) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.10 (0.93–1.29) | 1.12 (0.94–1.33) | 1.09 (0.93–1.28) | 1.07 (0.89–1.29) |
| Hispanic | 0.74 (0.60–0.92) | 0.81 (0.66–1.01) | 0.83 (0.66–1.04) | 0.90 (0.71–1.13) |
| Other minorities | 0.97 (0.61–1.56) | 0.89 (0.56–1.41) | 0.77 (0.46–1.29) | 0.81 (0.47–1.39) |
| Education Level | ||||
| College or above | 0.82 (0.72–0.94) | 0.83 (0.72–0.96) | 0.97 (0.85–1.10) | 0.93 (0.83–1.04) |
| Marital Status | ||||
| Not Married | 1.89 (1.56–2.27) | 1.91 (1.59–2.28) | 1.81 (1.51–2.17) | 1.86 (1.54–2.24) |
| Family income to poverty ratio | ||||
| Above 130% | 0.78 (0.65–0.94) | 0.81 (0.68–0.97) | 0.84 (0.70–1.02) | 0.86 (0.72–1.04) |
| Diabetes | 1.46 (1.24–1.71) | 1.37 (1.17–1.62) | 1.43 (1.21–1.67) | |
| Cancer | 1.36 (1.16–1.58) | 1.37 (1.16–1.62) | 1.40 (1.18–1.66) | |
| Hypertension | 1.06 (0.89–1.26) | 1.10 (1.93–1.30) | 1.18 (0.99–1.41) | |
| Heart Disease | 1.71 (1.48–1.99) | 1.66 (1.42–1.93) | 1.60 (1.39–1.85) | |
| Stroke | 1.83 (1.52–2.21) | 1.74 (1.40–2.16) | 1.69 (1.33–2.15) | |
| Physical Activity | ||||
| Vigorous | 0.50 (0.35–0.73) | 0.55 (0.38–0.79) | ||
| Moderate | 0.60 (0.50–0.72) | 0.64 (0.54–0.75) | ||
| Smoking status | ||||
| Current Smoker | 1.97 (1.56–2.48) | 1.98 (1.59–2.46) | ||
| Former Smoker | 1.19 (0.94–1.50) | 1.23 (0.98–1.55) | ||
| Energy Intake | ||||
| Second Quartile | 1.02 (0.85–1.21) | 0.93 (0.76–1.14) | ||
| Third Quartile | 0.81 (0.63–1.05) | 0.76 (0.58–1.01) | ||
| Highest Quartile | 1.01 (0.70–1.46) | 0.91 (0.59–1.41) | ||
| Total Fat | ||||
| Second Quartile | 1.07 (0.91–1.26) | 1.11 (0.93–1.33) | ||
| Third Quartile | 0.98 (0.77–1.24) | 1.05 (0.81–1.37) | ||
| Highest Quartile | 0.81 (0.62–1.05) | 0.91 (0.68–1.22) | ||
| BMI Categories | ||||
| Underweight | 2.46 (1.49–4.06) | |||
| Overweight | 0.78 (0.63–0.96) | |||
| Obese | 0.86 (0.70–1.05) |
*
Model 1 adjusted for demographics, Model 2 adjusted for demographics and comorbidities, Model 3 adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, and lifestyle variables, Model 4 adjusted for all factors including BMI
**
Reference groups = full food security, male, non-Hispanic white, high school or below education, married, 130% or less poverty level, no diabetes, cancer, hypertension, heart disease, or stroke, no physical activity, never smoked, , lowest energy intake and total fat intake quartiles, and normal BMI.
***
Bold type represents hazard ratios significant at p<0.05 level