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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 31.

Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Nutr. 2018 May 23;38:401–429. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-082117-051757

Arsenic metabolism. According to the Challenger pathway (24), AS3MT catalyzes the oxidative methylation of arsenite using SAM as the methyl donor, forming MMAs^V and SAH. MMAs^V is then reduced to MMAs^III before a subsequent oxidative methylation step, yielding DMAs^V and SAH. Abbreviations: AS3MT, arsenic-3-methyltransferase; DMAs^V, dimethylarsinic acid; MMAs^III, monomethylarsonous acid; MMAs^V, monomethylarsonic acid; SAH, S-adenosylhomocysteine; SAM, S-adenosylmethionine.