Figure 4.

Pacing and Noise Reduction of an Isolated Spontaneously Beating Cardiac Cell Using a Stochastic ‘Mechanical Cell’

(A) The signal generated by a stochastic ‘mechanical cell’ as extracted from a wavelet analysis. Probe frequencies were generated from a Gaussian distribution with an average of 2 Hz and an SD of 0.25 Hz. The mechanical coupling with the probe in this experiment was χ = 0.305. This experiment was repeated for n = 4 cells.

(B) Frequency as a function of time (left) and normalized beating signal over time (right), before mechanical stimulation (top), after 30 min of mechanical interaction with a stochastic mechanical probe (middle), and 15 min after stimulation stops (bottom). The cell initially beats at 1 Hz with a beat-to-beat variability of ξ = 0.4; after mechanical stimulation with a stochastic probe, the cell is paced to 2 Hz with a beat-to-beat variability of ξ = 0.05, lower than that of the mastering probe. These values persist after stimulation stops.

(C) The frequency of the probe (red) and of the cardiac cell (blue) in a short time window of ∼1 min after 30 min of training.