. 2019 Mar 28;5(3):e01431. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01431

Table 4.

Antioxidant properties of the edible plants.

Antioxidant parameters	Solvent	Plants
Antioxidant parameters	Solvent	I. aquatica	A. aspera	A. ganjetica	E. fluctuans	O. corymbosa	A. viridis
Total phenolic content (GAE, mg/g DE)	70% Aq.ethanol	45.449 ± 0.130^f	74.831 ± 0.243^b	91.797 ± 0.295^a	70.338 ± 0.103^c	47.184 ± 0.060^e	50.700 ± 0.079^d
	Methanol	13.953 ± 0.534^e	37.276 ± 0.321^c,d	34.487 ± 0.321^d	63.744 ± 0.925^a	39.992 ± 0.266^c	48.858 ± 0.418^b
	Chloroform	12.692 ± 0.110^f	31.325 ± 0.931^c,d	26.026 ± 0.282^e	57.436 ± 0.696^a	33.472 ± 0.039^c	42.718 ± 0.681^b
	Benzene	7.094 ± 0.427^f	26.051 ± 0.256^c	10.000 ± 0.110^e	35.641 ± 0.641^a	24.644 ± 0.884^d	33.718 ± 0.696^b
Total flavonoids content (RE, mg/g DE)	70% Aq.ethanol	13.941 ± 0.040^f	20.793 ± 0.122^b	20.132 ± 0.093^b,c	21.759 ± 0.039^a	15.848 ± 0.125^e	19.970 ± 0.252^d
	Methanol	10.856 ± 0.013^f	22.019 ± 0.020^a	20.412 ± 0.143^b	16.750 ± 0.066^d	14.884 ± 0.157^e	18.591 ± 0.577^c
	Chloroform	8.943 ± 0.040^f	14.172 ± 0.081^b	20.174 ± 0.200^a	12.848 ± 0.121^d	12.266 ± 0.043^d,e	13.637 ± 0.032^b,c
	Benzene	6.855 ± 0.081^e	10.542 ± 0.073^c,d	17.518 ± 0.121^a	11.978 ± 0.079^b	10.561 ± 0.088^c,d	10.604 ± 0.079^c
FRAP assay (TE, mg/g DE)	70% Aq.ethanol	1.338 ± 0.004^e	2.408 ± 0.002^a	2.057 ± 0.004^b	1.999 ± 0.002^c	1.454 ± 0.011^d,e	1.553 ± 0.004^d
	Methanol	1.296 ± 0.003^f	2.178 ± 0.002^a	2.051 ± 0.004^b	1.934 ± 0.003^c	1.340 ± 0.004^e	1.510 ± 0.004^d
	Chloroform	0.618 ± 0.005^f	1.529 ± 0.002^b	1.805 ± 0.002^a	1.285 ± 0.002^c	0.723 ± 0.004^e	0.853 ± 0.002^d
	Benzene	0.456 ± 0.003^c	0.488 ± 0.002^b	0.822 ± 0.002^a	0.434 ± 0.003^d	0.419 ± 0.002^f	0.425 ± 0.001^e
DPPH (% of inhibition)	70% Aq.ethanol	12.172 ± 0.066^e	28.051 ± 0.057^b	39.140 ± 0.221^a	19.173 ± 0.289^c	12.937 ± 0.125^d,e	13.126 ± 0.263^d
	Methanol	7.831 ± 0.257^f	12.907 ± 0.075^c	29.117 ± 0.300^a	15.831 ± 0.278^b	10.476 ± 0.095^d	8.671 ± 0.261^e
	Chloroform	3.166 ± 0.072^d	4.756 ± 0.176^c	14.916 ± 0.477^a	6.404 ± 0.221^b	2.619 ± 0.126^e	4.216 ± 0.199^c
	Benzene	3.594 ± 0.257^d,e	4.837 ± 0.363^a	4.535 ± 0.119^b	3.779 ± 0.105^d	1.571 ± 0.082^f	4.177 ± 0.182^c
ABTS (% of inhibition)	70% Aq.ethanol	40.028 ± 0.783^c	59.782 ± 0.207^b	69.048 ± 0.221^a	60.797 ± 0.418^b	41.727 ± 0.128^c	42.644 ± 0.048^c
	Methanol	33.461 ± 0.444^d	52.745 ± 0.069^b	53.801 ± 0.328^a	44.714 ± 0.968^c	30.089 ± 0.366^e	29.060 ± 0.064^f
	Chloroform	12.788 ± 0.074^f	28.759 ± 0.138^a	24.966 ± 0.234^b,c	23.887 ± 0.206^c	17.059 ± 0.704^e	18.444 ± 0.119^d
	Benzene	5.627 ± 0.256^e	0.676 ± 0.143^f	9.312 ± 0.412^b	8.322 ± 0.274^c	8.059 ± 0.926^c,d	11.156 ± 0.162^f
Reducing power (AAE, mg/g DE)	70% Aq.ethanol	14.786 ± 0.133^d	48.112 ± 0.586^a	41.242 ± 0.991^b	18.808 ± 0.101^c	13.270 ± 0.179^f	15.955 ± 0.160^e
	Methanol	13.521 ± 0.121^c	35.223 ± 0.087^a	21.721 ± 0.181^b	12.594 ± 0.145^d	12.952 ± 0.270^c,d	13.426 ± 0.132^c
	Chloroform	8.14 ± 0.15^e	23.37 ± 0.19^a	18.15 ± 0.14^b	9.28 ± 0.32^d	9.35 ± 0.26^d	10.24 ± 0.55^c
	Benzene	6.25 ± 0.06^f	15.25 ± 0.12^a	11.16 ± 0.04^b	8.33 ± 0.12^d	7.35 ± 0.16^e	9.18 ± 0.75^c
Metal chelating activity (% of inhibition)	70% Aq.ethanol	17.936 ± 0.284^f	47.912 ± 0.142^b	52.416 ± 0.164^a	35.217 ± 0.217^c	20.229 ± 0.357^e	22.359 ± 0.491^d
	Methanol	15.366 ± 0.745^e	35.203 ± 0.293^b	37.805 ± 0.141^a	21.138 ± 0.215^c	14.390 ± 0.141^f	20.081 ± 0.215^d
	Chloroform	11.24 ± 0.05^e	25.12 ± 0.09^b	31.25 ± 0.04^a	14.58 ± 0.22^d	10.23 ± 0.16^f	16.44 ± 0.35^c
	Benzene	7.15 ± 0.09^f	18.55 ± 0.02^b	21.06 ± 0.14^a	9.28 ± 0.02^d	8.44 ± 0.06^d,e	11.08 ± 0.25^c
Lipid peroxidation assay (% of inhibition)	70% Aq.ethanol	18.268 ± 0.057^f	49.449 ± 0.088^a	45.039 ± 0.072^b	24.094 ± 0.273^c	22.677 ± 0.067^d	21.102 ± 0.085^e
	Methanol	13.540 ± 0.11^d,e	37.094 ± 0.038^a	30.606 ± 0.035^b	14.104 ± 0.168^d	5.501 ± 0.058	16.079 ± 0.036^c
	Chloroform	9.230 ± 0.05^d	16.15 ± 0.04^a	13.45 ± 0.02^b	8.30 ± 0.14^e	3.45 ± 0.07^f	11.06 ± 0.09^c
	Benzene	4.12 ± 0.09^d	7.06 ± 0.08^a	6.25 ± 0.06^b	3.20 ± 0.11^e	1.55 ± 0.09^f	5.11 ± 0.08^c

Each value in the table was obtained by calculating the average of three experiments and data are presented as Mean ± SEM.

Statistical analysis were carried out by Turkeys test at 95% confidence level and statistical significance were accepted at the p < 0.05 level. The superscript letter a, b, c d, e, f denotes the significance of various parameters. Letter a is significant to b, c, d, e, f.