Fig. 2.

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) increased DPP4 expression.

A, Bone marrow cells isolated from C57BL/6 mice were cultured in the presence of 10 ng/mL M-CSF for 5 days and treated with 25 μg/mL native LDL or oxLDL for 24 h. Cells were then collected for the flow cytometric detection of DPP4 expression, DPP4 expression on bone marrow derived macrophages (BMMs) was detected by flow cytometry. Representative dot plots and statistical bar graph are shown. B, The DPP4⁺ macrophages were next gated for the analysis of DPP4 MFI. Histograms and bar graph show the DPP4 MFI on DPP4⁺ macrophages under different treatment conditions. C, Peritoneal macrophages were isolated from C57BL/6 mice and treated with 25 μg/mL oxLDL or vehicle for 24 h. Representative histograms show the expression of DPP4 on macrophages. D, Bone marrow-derived macrophages from C57BL/6 mice were treated with 25 μg/mL oxLDL for 24 h and the expression inflammatory genes was examined using quantitative real-time PCR. E, Monocytes were isolated from human peripheral blood and cultured in the presence of 10 ng/mL M-CSF for 5 days. Cells were then treated with 25 μg/mL oxLDL or vehicle for 24 h. Representative dot plots and histograms are shown. *, p < .05. MFI, mean fluorescence intensity; UT, untreated.