Table 1.
Body weight, heart weight and echocardiographic assessment of systolic and diastolic function of young and aged, ovariectomized (OVX) and ovariectomized + fructose (OVF) Fischer 344 female rats
| P | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Two‐way ANOVA (aged, OVX and OVF) | One‐way ANOVA (sacrifice) | |||||||||
| Parameter | Group | 3 months | 18 months | 19 months | 20 months | 21 months | Group | Interval | Interaction | All group |
| BW (g) | Young | 178 ± 2.07 | <0.001 | |||||||
| Aged | 225.00 ± 8.58 | 228.25 ± 8.84 | 235.25 ± 7.23 | 237.75 ± 9.15 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| OVX | 234.38 ± 6.54 | 241.75 ± 6.21 | 254.53 ± 5.09 | 256.88 ± 5.53 | ||||||
| OVF | 233.13 ± 5.53 | 262.13 ± 5.03 | 284.19 ± 4.43 | 293.38 ± 5.42 | ||||||
| HW (g) | Young | 0.730 ± 0.032 | 0.300 | |||||||
| Aged | 0.846 ± 0.054 | |||||||||
| OVX | 0.896 ± 0.054 | |||||||||
| OVF | 0.895 ± 0.037 | |||||||||
| AWThD (mm) | Young | 0.91 ± 0.006 | <0.001 | |||||||
| Aged | 1.09 ± 0.022 | 1.05 ± 0.023 | 1.03 ± 0.014 | 1.03 ± 0.020 | 0.809 | <0.001 | 0.407 | |||
| OVX | 1.07 ± 0.013 | 1.07 ± 0.016 | 1.02 ± 0.009 | 1.01 ± 0.013 | ||||||
| OVF | 1.10 ± 0.017 | 1.08 ± 0.022 | 1.03 ± 0.014 | 1.01 ± 0.018 | ||||||
| AWThS (mm) | Young | 1.20 ± 0.027 | <0.001 | |||||||
| Aged | 1.70 ± 0.074 | 1.55 ± 0.072 | 1.53 ± 0.030 | 1.51 ± 0.034 | 0.017 | <0.001 | 0.044 | |||
| OVX | 1.51 ± 0.032 | 1.52 ± 0.043 | 1.43 ± 0.030 | 1.33 ± 0.021 | ||||||
| OVF | 1.47 ± 0.033 | 1.56 ± 0.047 | 1.44 ± 0.025 | 1.40 ± 0.031 | ||||||
| LVIDD (mm) | Young | 6.74 ± 0.088 | 0.003 | |||||||
| Aged | 6.65 ± 0.089 | 6.76 ± 0.133 | 6.80 ± 0.124 | 6.99 ± 0.110 | 0.205 | <0.001 | 0.142 | |||
| OVX | 6.81 ± 0.110 | 6.87 ± 0.112 | 7.09 ± 0.084 | 7.32 ± 0.097 | ||||||
| OVF | 6.59 ± 0.091 | 6.85 ± 0.097 | 7.19 ± 0.109 | 7.20 ± 0.095 | ||||||
| LVIDS (mm) | Young | 3.82 ± 0.065 | 0.014 | |||||||
| Aged | 3.64 ± 0.079 | 4.00 ± 0.113 | 4.04 ± 0.128 | 4.06 ± 0.141 | 0.388 | <0.001 | 0.275 | |||
| OVX | 3.74 ± 0.064 | 4.05 ± 0.123 | 4.25 ± 0.099 | 4.44 ± 0.154 | ||||||
| OVF | 3.61 ± 0.061 | 3.91 ± 0.114 | 4.25 ± 0.118 | 4.30 ± 0.108 | ||||||
| PWThD (mm) | Young | 1.10 ± 0.028 | 0.002 | |||||||
| Aged | 1.49 ± 0.030 | 1.44 ± 0.045 | 1.38 ± 0.027 | 1.44 ± 0.065 | 0.729 | <0.001 | 0.483 | |||
| OVX | 1.46 ± 0.036 | 1.45 ± 0.038 | 1.35 ± 0.026 | 1.34 ± 0.047 | ||||||
| OVF | 1.52 ± 0.025 | 1.44 ± 0.042 | 1.35 ± 0.036 | 1.36 ± 0.051 | ||||||
| PWThS (mm) | Young | 1.97 ± 0.280 | 0.216 | |||||||
| Aged | 2.44 ± 0.035 | 2.33 ± 0.056 | 2.35 ± 0.041 | 2.41 ± 0.084 | 0.298 | 0.003 | 0.951 | |||
| OVX | 2.52 ± 0.044 | 2.37 ± 0.055 | 2.33 ± 0.038 | 2.36 ± 0.074 | ||||||
| OVF | 2.58 ± 0.041 | 2.43 ± 0.071 | 2.39 ± 0.057 | 2.45 ± 0.065 | ||||||
| HR (bpm) | Young | 302.15 ± 10.972 | 0.199 | |||||||
| Aged | 292.75 ± 9.100 | 307.88 ± 11.038 | 291.13 ± 14.111 | 311.50 ± 8.113 | 0.225 | 0.006 | 0.275 | |||
| OVX | 297.69 ± 5.702 | 335.38 ± 7.061 | 309.81 ± 8.930 | 302.38 ± 9.707 | ||||||
| OVF | 305.00 ± 7.484 | 323.13 ± 5.989 | 301.50 ± 11.431 | 326.56 ± 8.703 | ||||||
| EF (%) | Young | 79.87 ± 0.429 | 0.109 | |||||||
| Aged | 81.75 ± 0.701 | 77.00 ± 1.239 | 77.00 ± 1.180 | 78.25 ± 1.449 | 0.597 | <0.001 | 0.295 | |||
| OVX | 81.56 ± 0.223 | 77.25 ± 1.039 | 76.44 ± 0.962 | 75.00 ± 1.497 | ||||||
| OVF | 81.75 ± 0.520 | 79.25 ± 1.135 | 77.00 ± 1.057 | 76.38 ± 1.197 | ||||||
| FS (%) | Young | 43.33 ± 0.419 | 0.146 | |||||||
| Aged | 45.38 ± 0.596 | 40.75 ± 1.146 | 40.75 ± 1.098 | 42.13 ± 1.302 | 0.548 | <0.001 | 0.333 | |||
| OVX | 45.19 ± 0.277 | 41.00 ± 0.949 | 40.19 ± 0.823 | 39.38 ± 1.316 | ||||||
| OVF | 45.38 ± 0.523 | 42.94 ± 1.086 | 41.06 ± 0.994 | 40.50 ± 1.021 | ||||||
Values are means ± SEM. AWThD, anterior wall thickness diastole; AWThS, anterior wall thickness systole; BW, body weight; EF, ejection fraction; FS, fractional shortening; HR, heart rate; HW, heart weight; LVIDD, left ventricle internal diameter diastole; LVIDS, left ventricle internal diameter systole; PWThD, posterior wall thickness diastole; PWThS, posterior wall thickness systole.