Table 2.
Arterial and left ventricular (LV) haemodynamics by conductance catheter of young (Y), aged (A), ovariectomized (OVX) and ovariectomized + fructose (OVF) Fischer 344 female rats
| Group | Two‐way ANOVA | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Y (n = 8) | A (n = 8) | OVX (n = 16) | OVF (n = 16) | P | A vs. Y | OVX vs. Y | OVF vs. Y | OVX vs. A | OVF vs. A | OVF vs. OVX |
| SAC BW (g) | 178.0 ± 2.1 | 238.3 ± 8.6 | 253.4 ± 5.4 | 290.8 ± 4.9 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.083 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| BSA (cm2) | 311.0 ± 2.4 | 377.4 ± 8.9 | 393.4 ± 5.7 | 431.3 ± 4.9 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.077 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| SW (mmHg ml) | 157.2 ± 12.0 | 214.1 ± 18.6 | 143.4 ± 8.7 | 146.3 ± 10.8 | 0.001 | 0.031 | 0.824 | 0.789 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.842 |
| CO (ml/min) | 63.5 ± 6.3 | 63.5 ± 6.3 | 44.8 ± 2.4 | 46.3 ± 2.8 | < 0.001 | 0.899 | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.723 |
| Cardiac index | 0.212 ± 0.010 | 0.169 ± 0.017 | 0.114 ± 0.006 | 0.108 ± 0.007 | < 0.001 | 0.015 | < 0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.579 |
| SV (μl) | 194.8 ± 9.6 | 214.9 ± 29.3 | 167.2 ± 7.9 | 161.8 ± 8.8 | 0.031 | 0.605 | 0.404 | 0.323 | 0.051 | 0.049 | 0.730 |
| SV index | 0.627 ± 0.032 | 0.573 ± 0.080 | 0.427 ± 0.022 | 0.376 ± 0.022 | <0.001 | 0.378 | 0.002 | <0.001 | 0.024 | 0.002 | 0.426 |
| V max (μl) | 386.6 ± 28.4 | 373.2 ± 29.1 | 339.0 ± 17.8 | 351.5 ± 31.9 | 0.667 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| V min (μl) | 191.8 ± 24.7 | 158.3 ± 27.8 | 171.8 ± 14.8 | 183.4 ± 30.3 | 0.870 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| V es (μl) | 208.1 ± 23.8 | 176.1 ± 27.4 | 198.5 ± 16.2 | 213.1 ± 32.5 | 0.830 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| V ed (μl) | 347.6 ± 31.9 | 350.6 ± 31.9 | 312.8 ± 17.1 | 318.9 ± 32.1 | 0.746 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| EDV index | 1.121 ± 0.107 | 0.936 ± 0.093 | 0.800 ± 0.047 | 0.745 ± 0.078 | 0.013 | 0.434 | 0.040 | 0.013 | 0.432 | 0.361 | 0.563 |
| P max | 114.1 ± 5.2 | 148.2 ± 11.6 | 138.0 ± 6.6 | 142.9 ± 6.1 | 0.042 | 0.050 | 0.133 | 0.049 | 0.740 | 0.636 | 0.831 |
| P dev | 112.8 ± 5.3 | 146.3 ± 10.8 | 135.0 ± 6.0 | 140.8 ± 5.9 | 0.031 | 0.044 | 0.140 | 0.046 | 0.631 | 0.603 | 0.744 |
| P es | 111.5 ± 5.0 | 144.1 ± 11.0 | 134.9 ± 6.2 | 139.6 ± 6.0 | 0.038 | 0.047 | 0.946 | 0.049 | 0.813 | 0.617 | 0.946 |
| EF% | 55.1 ± 4.1 | 61.4 ± 7.0 | 53.2 ± 2.6 | 56.3 ± 5.7 | 0.747 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| E a | 0.58 ± 0.03 | 0.759 ± 0.098 | 0.867 ± 0.094 | 0.913 ± 0.065 | 0.006 | ns | <0.05 | <0.05 | ns | ns | ns |
| dP/dt max | 6645 ± 453 | 7902 ± 880 | 6459 ± 367 | 7001 ± 454 | 0.282 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| dP/dt min | −9018 ± 621 | −9377 ± 1158 | −7746 ± 456 | −8112 ± 638 | 0.192 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| dV/dt max | 8587 ± 516 | 7607 ± 734 | 6776 ± 734 | 6719 ± 438 | 0.077 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| dV/dt min | −12937 ± 2451 | −13087 ± 1762 | −9511 ± 1525 | −9189 ± 1192 | 0.228 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Tau | 10.0 ± 0.3 | 12.6 ± 0.9 | 13.8 ± 0.4 | 13.4 ± 0.5 | <0.001 | 0.044 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.441 | 0.692 | 0.958 |
| P ao,sys | 122.1 ± 6.9 | 180.5 ± 9.2 | 163.6 ± 7.4 | 166.7 ± 11.6 | 0.009 | 0.010 | 0.034 | 0.024 | 0.604 | 0.594 | 0.800 |
| P ao,dia | 99.9 ± 3.3 | 115.3 ± 5.6 | 112.2 ± 3.8 | 111.6 ± 3.8 | 0.318 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| P ao,mean | 110.4 ± 4.1 | 142.7 ± 7.4 | 134.1 ± 5.0 | 134.1 ± 5.0 | 0.051 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| HR | 339.0 ± 7.1 | 302.2 ± 11.3 | 271.4 ± 11.3 | 287.9 ± 9.9 | 0.002 | 0.220 | 0.001 | 0.017 | 0.193 | 0.391 | 0.404 |
| PRSW | 64.1 ± 4.5 | 73.8 ± 7.3 | 75.2 ± 4.5 | 74.3 ± 6.8 | 0.654 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| ESPVR slope | 0.397 ± 0.03 | 0.617 ± 0.21 | 0.496 ± 0.101 | 0.675 ± 0.10 | 0.179 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| EDPVR slope | 0.042 ± 0.006 | 0.0311 ± 0.005 | 0.0573 ± 0.007 | 0.0410 ± 0.004 | 0.022 | 0.484 | 0.285 | 0.896 | 0.030 | 0.610 | 0.111 |
| EDVPR inter | −9.749 ± 3.55 | −3.87 ± 2.01 | −10.01 ± 2.22 | −6.602 ± 1.87 | 0.329 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Values are means ± SEM. NA, subgroup analysis not applicable. BSA, body surface area; CO, cardiac output; dP/dt max, maximal rate of LV pressure rise over time; dP/dt min, minimum rate of LV pressure decrease over time; E a, arterial elastance; EDPVR, end‐diastolic pressure–volume relationship slope; EDPVR inter, end‐diastolic pressure volume relationship intercept; EDV, end‐diastolic volume; EF, ejection fraction; ESPVR, end‐systolic pressure–volume relationship slope; HR, heart rate; P ao,dia, aortic diastolic pressure; P ao,mean, mean aortic pressure; P ao,sys, aortic systolic pressure; P dev, LV developed pressure; P es, end‐systolic pressure; P max, maximal LV pressure; PRSW, preload recruitable stroke work; SAC BW, terminal body weight; SV, stroke volume; SW, stroke work; Tau, isovolumic relaxation time constant; V max, LV maximal volume; V ed, end‐diastolic volume; V es, end‐systolic volume; V min, LV minimal volume.