Table 2.
Baseline Demographic and Outcome Characteristics for the Overall Population, When Available, and Enrolled Study Patients by Treatment Group (Usual Care or Intervention).
| Usual Care, (N = 453), M (SD) or N (%) | Intervention, (N = 450), M (SD) or N (%) | P Valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age (years) | 74.3 (12.5) | 78.1 (12.0) | <.001 |
| Sex (% female) | 234 (52%) | 228 (51%) | .766 |
| Race | |||
| American Indian or Alaska native | 1 (<1%) | 0 (0%) | .694 |
| Asian | 3 (1%) | 2 (<1%) | |
| Black or African American | 19 (4%) | 20 (4%) | |
| Patient declined | 0 (0%) | 1 (<1%) | |
| White | 430 (95%) | 427 (95%) | |
| Ethnicity (% non-Hispanic) | 451 (>99%) | 442 (98%) | .238 |
| Marital status | |||
| Single | 26 (6%) | 40 (9%) | .020 |
| Married, domestic partnership | 224 (50%) | 202 (45%) | |
| Unmarried partnership | 11 (2%) | 4 (1%) | |
| Divorce, separated | 72 (16%) | 58 (13%) | |
| Widowed | 120 (26%) | 146 (32%) | |
| Highest level of education | |||
| 8th grade or less | 11 (3%) | 11 (3%) | .445 |
| Some high school | 18 (4%) | 23 (5%) | |
| High school graduate | 129 (30%) | 100 (23%) | |
| Some college or 2-year degree | 119 (27%) | 125 (29%) | |
| 4-year college degree | 77 (18%) | 81 (19%) | |
| Graduate or professional degree | 81 (19%) | 88 (21%) | |
| Health-related variables | |||
| Baseline location | |||
| Home | 405 (91%) | 319 (73%) | <.001 |
| Assisted living | 4 (1%) | 53 (12%) | |
| Nursing home | 36 (8%) | 65 (15%) | |
| Unknown | |||
| Primary diagnosis | |||
| Cardiovascular | 311 (69%) | 258 (57%) | <.001 |
| Dementia | 64 (14%) | 121 (27%) | |
| Cancer | 78 (17%) | 71 (16%) | |
| Comorbidity score | 4.6 (1.9) | 4.5 (2.2) | .311 |
| Preenrollment utilization | |||
| Advance directives in place (% yes) | 189 (42%) | 163 (36%) | .090 |
| ED visits in previous 12 months | 1.5 (2.3) | 1.7 (2.0) | .137 |
| Inpatient days in previous 12 months | 4.1 (5.9) | 4.3 (6.2) | .532 |
| ICU stays in previous 12 months | 0.4 (2.8) | 0.6 (2.9) | .445 |
| Quality of life | |||
| Total (range 0-184) | 134.3 (28.1) | 132.6 (27.2) | .381 |
| Domain | |||
| Physical | 19.6 (6.2) | 20.2 (5.6) | .177 |
| Emotional | 17.5 (5.0) | 17.7 (4.9) | .621 |
| Social | 22.0 (4.9) | 21.5 (5.2) | .110 |
| Functional | 17.0 (6.2) | 16.5 (6.2) | .221 |
| Palliative | 54.8 (11.8) | 53.1 (11.7) | .035 |
| Care experience | |||
| Total | 72.3 (8.8) | 69.7 (9.6) | .001 |
| Domain | |||
| Care team | 44.8 (6.3) | 42.9 (7.3) | <.001 |
| Communication | 17.3 (2.7) | 16.9 (2.8) | .076 |
| Goals | 10.0 (1.6) | 9.9 (1.7) | .188 |
Abbreviations: ED, emergency department; ICU, intensive care unit.
a P-values from t tests or χ2 comparing usual care and intervention group patients.