Antachopoulos 2016.

Methods	Study design: cross‐over RCT Duration of study: not reported Duration of follow‐up: 1 year
Participants	Country: Greece Setting: single centre Children aged 1 month to 5 years recruited after hospitalisation for first febrile UTI; indications for prophylaxis included VUR, anatomical abnormalities of urinary tract and neurogenic bladder Mean age (range): 13.6 months (1 to 60 months) Sex (M/F) 54/43 Exclusion criteria: G6PD deficiency; allergy to cotrimoxazole or cephalosporins; congenital or acquired immunodeficiency; already on prophylactic antibiotics
Interventions	Treatment group 1 TMP: 2 mg/kg once daily at night for 6 months Treatment group 2 Cefuroxime axetil (10 mg/kg), cefprozil (10 mg/kg), or cefaclor (15 mg/kg) for 6 months
Outcomes	Prevalence of repeat UTI Time to break through UTI Bacterial sepsis Resistance to antibiotics used
Notes	Data could not be included in analyses, not separated into first cross‐over Data were reported as number of courses of antibiotics, not children Funding source: "This study was not funded by any source"
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	States "randomized at a ratio of 1:1”, method of randomisation not reported
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Unable to determine numbers because reported as courses of antibiotics, not children
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	Appropriate outcomes but unable to use data as results reported as courses of antibiotics, not children
Other bias	Unclear risk	Many details missing and few descriptives of included children