Beiraghi Toosi 2011.

Methods	Study design: parallel RCT Duration of study: not reported Duration of follow‐up: 6 months
Participants	Country; Iran Setting: 2 hospitals Children attending a nephrology clinic or ward requiring prophylactic antibiotics Number: treatment group 1 (50); treatment group 2 (52) Age range: 1 to 15 years Sex (M/F): not reported Exclusion criteria: not reported
Interventions	Treatment group 1 Nalidixic acid: at night for 6 months (dose not reported) Treatment group 2 Cotrimoxazole: at night for 6 months (dose not reported)
Outcomes	Screen detected positive culture, no details provided on microbiological definition or presence of symptoms
Notes	Abstract only publication very few details
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Study was described as randomised, method of randomisation was not reported
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Other bias	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement; funding source not reported