Belet 2004.

Methods	Study design: parallel RCT Duration of study: 1998 to 2000 Duration of follow‐up: 6 months
Participants	Country: Turkey Setting: single centre Children with recurrent UTI and no underlying urinary pathology; no definitions of UTI; urine samples screened at visits; no children with VUR Number: treatment group 1 (21); treatment group 2 (25); treatment group 3 (34) Mean age ± SE (years): treatment group 1 (7.7 ± 0.9); treatment group 2 (4.3 ± 0.7); treatment group 3 (4.4 ± 0.6) Sex (M/F): treatment group 1 (4/17); treatment group 2 (7/18); treatment group 3 (2/32) Exclusion criteria: not reported
Interventions	Treatment group 1 TMP/SMX: 1 to 2 mg/kg for 3 months Treatment group 2 Cefadroxil: 5 mg/kg for 3 months Treatment group 3 Cefprozil: 5 mg/kg for 3 months
Outcomes	Repeat symptomatic UTI Asymptomatic UTI Adverse reactions
Notes	20 excluded after randomisation: TMP/SMX (12); cefadroxil (8) (did not come to check‐ups or did not use the drug regularly during prophylaxis) Funding source: not reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No details of how sequence was generated, states randomised by drawing lots
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No missing data evident, no losses during follow‐up reported
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Primary outcome is appropriate
Other bias	High risk	Age of TMP/SMX group was significantly higher than the other two groups