Stansfeld 1975.

Methods	Study design: RCT Study recruitment period; 1969 Follow‐up: to 6 months
Participants	Country: UK Setting: single centre Children with active UTI (first or recurrent) Initial UTI defined as two or more consecutive, significant and consistent urine cultures accompanied by pyuria Number: treatment group (21); control group (24) Age range: 6 months to 14 years Sex (M/F): 3/42 VUR: 10 Exclusion criteria: neonates; children with impaired drainage due to obstruction or bladder paralysis
Interventions	Cotrimoxazole given for 2 weeks and then randomised to treatment or control Treatment group Cotrimoxazole: given for 6 months, no dosage stated Control group Placebo tablets for 6 months
Outcomes	Number of repeat positive cultures
Notes	Urine samples screened at each visit
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Sequence generated and held in pharmacy, independent to investigators
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Clinician unable to manipulate allocation
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	States double blinding and used a placebo
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Loss to follow‐up detailed
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	Primary outcome positive culture, not symptomatic UTI
Other bias	Unclear risk	Many methods poorly reported

CFU ‐ colony forming units; CRP ‐ C‐reactive protein; ESR‐ erythrocyte sedimentation rate; DMSA ‐ ⁹⁹Tc‐dimercaptosuccinic acid; G6PD ‐ glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase; M/F ‐ male/female; MSU ‐ midstream urine; RCT ‐ randomised controlled trial; SD ‐ standard deviation; SE ‐ standard error; SMX ‐ sulfamethoxazole; TMP ‐ trimethoprim; UTI ‐ urinary tract infection; VUR ‐ vesicoureteric reflux