Study	Reason for exclusion
Bergstrom 1968	Short duration: antibiotic treatment after randomisation was only 50 days
Bose 1974	Wrong intervention: acute treatment of two types of antibiotics followed by nitrofurantoin prophylaxis i.e. no prophylactic control group
Clemente 1994	Wrong intervention: pidotimod, an immunostimulant agent, plus antibiotics versus placebo for 60 days
Craig 2002	Wrong population: > 50% of children had VUR
Espino Hernandez 2012	Wrong population: > 50% of children had VUR
Feldman 1975	Short duration: 4 week "short term" TMP/SMX versus SMX
Fennell 1980	Short duration: 10 day treatment of ampicillin versus cotrimoxazole versus cephalexin
Fischbach 1989	Short duration: acute treatment for 2 weeks
Garin 2006	Wrong population: 52% of participants had VUR, our inclusion criteria is < 50% with VUR
Habeeb Abid 2015	Wrong population: > 50% children had VUR
Hari 2015	Wrong population: > 50% children had VUR
Lee 2007a	Wrong population: all children had VUR
Lindberg 1978	Short duration: acute treatment study; treatment consisted of nitrofurantoin for 10 days, only received 6 month treatment if they had 2 recurrences
Madsen 1973	Wrong population/short duration: cotrimoxazole versus methacycline for 14 days in mostly adults
Marild 2009	Short duration: acute treatment study
Mohseni 2013	Wrong population: > 50% of children had VUR
Montini 2007	Short duration: acute treatment study
Pennesi 2008	Wrong population: all children have VUR
Pisani 1982	Short duration: acute treatment for 10 days
Ray 1970	Wrong population: > 50% of participants had neurogenic/renal abnormalities
RIVUR 2008	Wrong population: > 50% of participants had VUR
Roussey‐Kesler 2008	Wrong population: all children have VUR
Sanchez‐Bayle 1983	Wrong population: > 50% of participants had VUR
Swedish Reflux 2010	Wrong population: > 50% of participants had VUR
Zegers 2011	Wrong population: children with urological and urological abnormality, spina bifida

SMX ‐ sulphamethoxazole; TMP ‐ trimethoprim; VUR ‐ vesicoureteric reflux