Viperin is expressed during chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 and hBMSCs. ATDC5 cells were differentiated in the chondrogenic lineage for 14 days. Different stages of chondrogenic differentiation were confirmed by measuring mRNA expression of Sox9 (A), Col2a1 (B), Runx2 (C), and Col10a1 (D) by RT-qPCR. Expression of viperin mRNA during chondrogenic differentiation was determined by RT-qPCR (E) and immunoblotting (F). Gene expression data (A–E) was normalized to β-actin mRNA levels, and individual normalized values are presented in dot plots. For Viperin immunoblotting (F), Histone 3 (H3) was used as a loading control. Primary hBMSCs of four human subjects were differentiated in the chondrogenic lineage for 1, 2, 7, 14, and 21 days. Chondrogenic differentiation was confirmed by measuring COL2A1 and COL10A1 mRNA expression (G and H). In same samples, expression of VIPERIN mRNA was measured (I). hBMSC gene expression data (G and H) was normalized to CYCLOPHILIN mRNA levels. Individual data points in dot plots represent the average values of four biological replicates of one hBMSC donor. The p values are indicated. NS, not significant. The presented graphs are representative examples of three independent experiments. Error bars represent means ± S.E.