Table 1.

Systematic review of literature for intervention strategies for DRP improvement (2000–2017)

Number	Reference	Method	Country	Factor investigated	Outcome
1	Rethinking the relationship between flood risk perception and flood management[10] 2014	Review	-	The overarching overview of the theoretical development was to understand the “rational” and “structural” danger	Sociocultural concepts are most closely associated with structuralism, in terms of vulnerability, capacity, resilience, and motivation. Structural studies provide a greater understanding of the impact of the flood of experience, history, beliefs, communications, and individual and collective understanding
2	Perception of flood risk in Danube Delta, Romania[11] 2009	Mix method	Romania	Reveal the conscious and unconscious attitudes toward the flood risk for the inhabitants/psychological approach	Two psychological factors as essential in establishing the psychosocial vulnerability degree of the interviewed participants: (i) An internal control factor and (ii) an external control factor
3	Public perceptions and attitudes to biological risks: Saudi Arabia and regional perspectives[12] 2016	Quantitative	Saudi Arabia	Attitude of Saudi society, specific culture, and demographic factors, to biological risks/cultural approach	Faith, education, and tendencies and experiences and the participation of religious leaders were effective in understanding the risk
4	The risk perception paradox-implications for governance and communication of natural hazards[13] 2013	Qualitative systematic review	-	Review the results of previous interdisciplinary studies on risk perception and behavioral responses associated with natural hazards	Personal experience, trust in authorities and experts have the greatest impact on the level of perceived risk. Media coverage, age, gender, education level, income, and social status are merely mediators or reinforcement of cause and effect dependencies between experience, trust, understanding, and readiness
5	Cross-cultural and site-based influences on demographic, well-being, and social network predictors of risk perception in hazard and disaster settings in Ecuador and Mexico[15] 2013Ẃ	Qualitative	Mexico Ecuador	Better understanding of risk perceptions between cultures, social networking, and social structure structures	In predictors of perceived risk in different regions demographic factors (age, sex, level of education, population density, and religion) of welfare (social and economic). There was little overlap. Stress in Mexico and social networks in Ecuador were effective in understanding the dangers of the past
6	Understanding the disaster experience of older adults by gender: the experience of survivors of the 2007 earthquake in Peru[16] 2010	Qualitative	Peru	Research on understanding Peruvian survivors’ experience in cultural context and gender roles and family relationship	Men tend to focus on the tangible effects of disaster, while women have more emotional concerns. The strengths of the elderly in the context of their gender role can be used to develop focal and educational programs
7	Preparing for natural hazards: normative and attitudinal influences[17] 2007	Quantitative Questionnaire and analysis with structural equation method	New Zealand	Positive attitudes, facilitating readiness, and restricting their negative attitudes The intention to seek information is related to the negative attitude toward the negative perceptions and negative norms that make adjustment work/social approach	The idea of reducing harm (expecting consequences) and problem-solving skills and probability compatibility will increase the protection objectives
8	Enhancing seismic risk mitigation decisions: A motivational approach[18] 2011	Mix method	New Zealand	How does the motivational process affect the disaster preparedness based on human reason and decision-making? How can this motivational process be increased/social approach?	Living in an earthquake area is not enough incentive to retrofit. Collaborative strategies include upgrading the intention to behave with the use of stories related to past earthquake experiences, the formation of a seismic risk reduction association, and more
9	Dependence of flood risk perceptions on socioeconomic and objective risk factors[19] 2009	Quantitative	The Netherlands	Investigating the effect of flood experience on perceived risk of Dutch households/realistic approach	The attitudes of the people with a perceptible flood hazard were directly related to the distance from the river. Due to lack of flood perception, awareness is not low, but fear and experience have a positive impact. Age and education had a reverse relationship with the perception of the flood
10	Living with increasing floods: Insights from a rural Philippine community[20] 2008	Mix method	Philippines	How do people understand the natural hazards of the Philippines and what are the corrective strategies for reducing community-based disaster risk?	People's capacity is rooted in their daily lifestyle capacity. The ability of individuals to regulate daily life is heavily dependent on livelihood and social networks. The best way to sustain and raise the capacity of CBDRR people is to assess the need and methods for their sustainability. Structural and technical prevention does not reduce the daily suffering of people
11	Implementing a transboundary flood risk management plan: A method for determining willingness to cooperate and case study for the Scheldt estuary[21] 2013	Quantitative	Belgium and the Netherlands	The purpose of this study is to support the overall assessment of the risk management, risk management program, and to assess the risk willingness to pay for a risk in two different locations for comparing risk management plans	A public information campaign on evacuation and trauma management can increase the willingness to pay. The campaign and campaign to reduce the risk of flooding to inform the public about misguided strategies and ignoring press events
12	The anticipated emotional consequences of adaptive behavior impacts on the take-up of household flood-protection measures[22] 2012	Quantitative	England	Investigate the relationship between ideas and experience in flood protection behavior	Protective behavior was associated with beliefs about anxiety and dependence on The experience of flooding increased the belief in protective behavior. There was a negative correlation between the protective behavior and the beliefs expressed about the financial consequences of the accident
13	Bam 2003 earthquake disaster: On the earthquake risk perception, resilience, and earthquake culture - Cultural beliefs and cultural landscape of Qanats, gardens of Khorma trees, and Argh-e Bam[23] 2015	Qualitative	Iran	How does the cultural perspective of cultural ideas affect the perceived risk of earthquake and resilience in Bam/cultural approach?	The cultural beliefs of the community are effective on resilience Beliefs related to persevering culture have had a direct impact on the overall perceived risk and preparedness of the earthquake. The belief in the palm trees, the Qanats, and the Bam citrus, although it did not diminish the effects of the earthquake but was effective on subsequent resilience
14	Is a picture worth a thousand words? The effects of maps and warning messages on how publics respond to disaster information[24] 2017	Experimental Scenario based	California, America	How do people who are at risk to respond to alerts?	Fear is effective in decision-making and has direct impact on accepting alerts and sharing information Searching for information with strong emotions and past experience has direct relevance
15	Concern about petrochemical health risk before and after a refinery explosion[25] 2008.	Mix method	Texas, USA	The study of social, psychological, behavioral and physiological factors related to health	The concern of the groups was related to the psychological and physical harm caused by the local petrochemical activity
16	An Analysis of the Public Perception of Flood Risk on the Belgian Coast[26]	Quantitative	Belgic	The study of sociodemographic factors, residence characteristics, location and hazard experience, location and permanent residence	Older people, women, and people with flood experience have higher perceived levels of coastal flood risks. Home ownership was not related to risk perception

CBDRR=Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction, DRP=Disater Risk Perception