Table 1.
Participant characteristics, N = 326
| Variable | n (%) or M (SD) |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 66.70 (10.21) |
| Male | 320 (98.2) |
| Education (n = 318) | |
| Less than high school diploma | 41 (12.6) |
| High school diploma | 109 (33.4) |
| More than high school | 168 (51.5) |
| Race/Ethnicity | |
| White (n = 320) | 285 (89.1) |
| Non-Latino | 303 (92.9) |
| Diabetes Medication Use | |
| Insulin (+/− oral) | 194 (59.5) |
| Oral medication only (n = 301) | 107 (32.8) |
| Distance from MHS (n = 323) | |
| Co-residence | 183 (56.1) |
| <1 to 9 miles | 48 (14.8) |
| 10 to 20 miles | 20 (6.2) |
| >21 miles | 72 (22.3) |
| MHS relationship to participant | |
| Spouse/partner | 223 (68.4) |
| Adult child | 49 (15.0) |
| Sibling | 19 (5.8) |
| Other family | 18 (5.5) |
| Friend | 17 (5.2) |
| Autonomy support (range 1–5) | 3.88 (0.75) |
| Diabetes distress (range 1–6) | 4.79 (1.21) |
| Diabetes self-efficacy (range 1–10) | 7.96 (1.89) |
| SMBG (range 1–5) | 4.08 (0.97) |
| Medication adherence (range 0–1) | 0.20 (0.22) |
| 12-month average HbA1C (%) | 7.84 (1.42) |
Note. MHS = Main health supporter, SMBG = Self-monitoring of blood glucose, HbA1c = Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c.