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Preoperative sleep disturbance promoted the surgery-induced increase of IL-6 and IL-1β levels in the hippocampus. (a) Levels of IL-6 in the hippocampus as detected by ELISA. (b) Levels of IL-1β in the hippocampus as detected by ELISA. The data are presented as the mean ± sem (n = 6). ∗∗P < 0.01 vs. the Con group; #P < 0.05 and ##P < 0.01 vs. the Sur group.
