. 2019 Mar 18;2019:9864841. doi: 10.1155/2019/9864841

Table 2.

List of the identification of potential biomarkers among groups.

No.	Biomarker identification	m/z	ppm	ESI mode	Rt/min	Formula	B vs. A	C1 vs. B	C2 vs. B	Pathway
1	Spermidine	146.16467	6.64	+	0.91	C₇H₁₉N₃	↑^##	↓^∗∗	↑	Arginine and proline metabolism
2	Citric acid	191.01813	9.03	−	1.52	C₆H₈O₇	↓^#	↑^∗	↑^∗∗	Citrate cycle
3	L-Tyrosine	182.08048	4.64	+	1.65	C₉H₁₁NO₃	↓^#	↓	↑^∗∗∗	Phenylalanine metabolism
4	L-Phenylalanine	166.08602	1.49	+	3.15	C₉H₁₁NO₂	↓^#	↑	↑^∗	Phenylalanine metabolism
5	Leucine	132.10130	2.60	+	3.23	C₆H₁₃NO₂	↓^#	↑	↑	Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
6	L-Tryptophan	205.09676	1.79	+	3.92	C₁₁H₁₂N₂O₂	↓^#	↑	↑^∗∗∗	Tryptophan metabolism
7	L-Isoleucine	132.10129	2.41	+	4.63	C₆H₁₃NO₂	↓	↓	↑^∗	Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
8	Vanillylmandelic acid	199.16870	12.35	+	11.80	C₉H₁₀O₅	↑^###	↑	↓^∗∗	Tyrosine metabolism
9	Catechol	111.01985	9.46	+	13.07	C₆H₆O₂	↑^#	↓^∗	↓^∗∗	Tyrosine metabolism
10	Linoleate	281.24722	5.86	+	14.84	C₁₈H₃₂O₂	↑^##	↓^∗	↓	Linoleic acid metabolism

↑: the compound was upregulated; ↓: the compound was downregulated.

^# P < 0.05, compared with control group; ^##P < 0.01, compared with control group; ^###P < 0.001, compared with control group.

^∗ P < 0.05, compared with model group; ^∗∗P < 0.01, compared with model group; ^∗∗∗P < 0.001, compared with model group.