The effects of SAA on the activities of T-SOD, GPx, and CAT and the levels of MDA, ROS, and NOX-4 in 5/6Nx rats. The levels of (a) T-SOD activity, (b) GPx activity, (c) CAT activity, and (d) MDA were measured using commercial kits; (e) the level of ROS was determined by 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA); (f) the expression of NOX-4 protein was analyzed by Western blot; (g) NOX-4 protein expression relative to protein β-actin. T-SOD represents total superoxide dismutase; GPx, CAT, MDA, ROS, SAA, and 5/6Nx stand for glutathione peroxidase, catalase, malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species, salvianolic acid A, and 5/6 nephrectomized, respectively. Data are expressed as the means ± SD. ∗∗P < 0.01 vs the control group; #P < 0.05 and ##P < 0.01 vs the 5/6Nx group.