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(a) The longitudinal arch of the foot represented by a truss (F, vertical descending load). The arrows represent the interior reaction forces; (b) the windlass mechanism described by Hicks in 1954:21 the arch raising movement and ray plantarflexion are synchronous; (c) the coronal arch of the foot may be represented by a uni- or a multisegmental arcuate structure: the load produces a compression force at the convexity, and a traction force at the concavity.
