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. 2019 Mar 8;116(13):6199–6204. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1820569116

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4.

Relationships between L. serriola phenology and the strength of the per capita competitive effect (α) of L. serriola on five different native Californian annual species (AE). Estimates and SEs of α are from Beverton−Holt competition functions fitted by maximum likelihood.