Table 1.

Summary statistics of the 3 genetic instruments of GDF15 with different phenotypes.

	Phenotypes	SNPs
		rs749451 (C/T)		rs888663 (T/G)		rs1054564 (C/G)
		Beta	SE	Beta	SE	Beta	SE
Anthropometry	GDF15	0.2129	0.0186	0.3012	0.0243	0.3083	0.0255
	BMI	0.0036	0.0018	−0.0031	0.0022	0.0006	0.0025
	WHR	0.0035	0.0046	0.0037	0.0059	0.0071	0.0063
	WC	0.0024	0.0047	−0.0006	0.006	0.003	0.0063
	WBLM	−0.0511	0.0382	−0.0935	0.0476	−0.0237	0.0443
	Fat percentage	−0.0037	0.0061	−0.0036	0.0077	−0.0038	0.0079
Glycaemic trait	T2Da (BMI adjusted)	0.0045	0.015	−0.0023	0.019	0.022	0.021
	T2Da	0.0044	0.013	−0.016	0.016	0.015	0.018
	FG (BMI adjusted)	−0.0017	0.0036	0.0037	0.0047	−0.0005	0.0049
	FG	0.0004	0.0035	0.0055	0.0046	0.0005	0.0047
	A1c	−0.0012	0.0019	0.0001	0.0024	0.0075	0.0026
	FI (BMI adjusted)	0.0055	0.0029	0.0028	0.0038	0.0022	0.0042
	FI	0.0084	0.0035	0.0051	0.0046	0.0032	0.0049
Lipids	LDL-C	−0.0062	0.0061	−0.0091	0.0078	0.0022	0.0079
	HDL-C	−0.006	0.0057	−0.0076	0.0075	−0.0258	0.0072
	TC	−0.0059	0.0059	−0.0108	0.0076	−0.0021	0.0077
	TG	0.011	0.0054	0.0012	0.0069	0.007	0.0071
	CADa	−0.0109	0.0086	−0.0296	0.0108	0.0077	0.0121
	eBMD	0.0058	0.0019	0.013	0.0024	0.0013	0.0026

Body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC), whole-body lean mass (WBLM), Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), fasting glucose (FG), glycated haemoglobin (A1c), fasting insulin (FI), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), coronary artery disease (CAD), and estimated bone mineral density (eBMD).

^aBeta estimates are reported as ln(OR)s.