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Characteristic directional hemodynamic changes during orthostatic hyperventilation
| Voluntary Hyperventilation | POTS Hyperventilation | Panic Disorder | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MAP, SBP, DBP | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ |
| Cardiac output | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ |
| SVR | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ |
DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; POTS, postural tachycardia syndrome; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SVR, systemic vascular resistance.
